1. Deductibles that can be skyhigh for low-income households.
  2. Ultra-narrow provider networks that make it hard for some to get care while socking others with unexpectedly large bills.
  3. A family penalty that denies subsidies to modest-income households when one spouse is offered employer coverage.
  4. A subsidy cliff that can leave older workers of moderate means paying an excessive share of income for coverage.
  5. Tax penalties that employers have sought to avoid by cutting low-wage worker schedules below 30 hours per week.
  6. A Medicaid gap opened by a Supreme Court decision that has left millions below the poverty line, including those who have lost work hours, with no help in states that have opted against the expansion.