vagus nerve 101

vagus nerve and inflammation p4vagus nerve and inflammation p3vagus nerve and inflammation p2vagus nerve and inflammation

back bendsback bends belly breaths yoga calming musicvagus nerve

 

 

 

References

  • 1 Lotze MT, Tracey KJ. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5: 331–42.
  • 2 Yang H, Hreggvidsdottir HS, Palmblad K et al. A Critical Cysteine is Required for HMGB1 Binding to TLR4 and Activation of Macrophage Cytokine Release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 26: 11942–7.
  • 3 Medzhitov R. Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell 2010; 140: 771–6.
  • 4 Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Nardi D et al. Role of vagus nerve signaling in CNI-1493-mediated suppression of acute inflammation. Auton Neurosci 2000; 85: 141–7.
  • 5 Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 2000; 405: 458–62.
  • 6 Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature 2002; 420: 853–9.
  • 7 Huston JM, Ochani M, Rosas-Ballina M et al. Splenectomy inactivates the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway during lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. J Exp Med 2006; 203: 1623–8.
  • 8 Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 2003; 421: 384–8.
  • 9 Bernik TR, Friedman SG, Ochani M et al. Pharmacological stimulation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 781–8.
  • 10 Bernik TR, Friedman SG, Ochani M et al. Cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway inhibition of tumor necrosis factor during ischemia reperfusion. J Vasc Surg 2002; 36: 1231–6.
  • 11 van Westerloo DJ, Giebelen IA, Florquin S et al. The vagus nerve and nicotinic receptors modulate experimental pancreatitis severity in mice. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 1822–30.
  • 12 van Westerloo DJ, Giebelen IA, Florquin S et al. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulates the host response during septic peritonitis. J Infect Dis 2005; 191: 2138–48.
  • 13 Huston JM, Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Ochani M et al. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces serum high mobility group box 1 levels and improves survival in murine sepsis. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2762–8.
  • 14 Yeboah MM, Xue X, Duan B et al. Cholinergic agonists attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Kidney Int 2008; 74: 62–9.
  • 15 van Maanen MA, Lebre MC, van der PT et al. Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60: 114–22.
  • 16 Mioni C, Bazzani C, Giuliani D et al. Activation of an efferent cholinergic pathway produces strong protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2621–8.
  • 17 Guarini S, Cainazzo MM, Giuliani D et al. Adrenocorticotropin reverses hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats through the rapid activation of a vagal anti-inflammatory pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 63: 357–65.
  • 18 Guarini S, Altavilla D, Cainazzo MM et al. Efferent vagal fibre stimulation blunts nuclear factor-kappaB activation and protects against hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock. Circulation 2003; 107: 1189–94.
  • 19 Ottani A, Giuliani D, Galantucci M et al. Melanocortins counteract inflammatory and apoptotic responses to prolonged myocardial ischemia/reperfusion through a vagus nerve-mediated mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 637: 124–30.
  • 20 Li J, Xie H, Wen T, Liu H, Zhu W, Chen X. Expression of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 and its modulating effects on downstream cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2010; 37: 766–75.
  • 21 Tracey KJ. Understanding immunity requires more than immunology. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 561–4.
  • 22 Parrish WR, Rosas-Ballina M, Gallowitsch-Puerta M et al. Modulation of TNF Release by Choline Requires Alpha7 Subunit Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Mol Med 2008; 14: 567–74.
  • 23 de Jonge WJ, van der Zanden EP, The FO et al. Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 844–51.
  • 24 Wang H, Liao H, Ochani M et al. Cholinergic agonists inhibit HMGB1 release and improve survival in experimental sepsis. Nat Med 2004; 10: 1216–21.
  • 25 Huston JM, Wang H, Ochani M et al. Splenectomy protects against sepsis lethality and reduces serum HMGB1 levels. J Immunol 2008; 181: 3535–9.
  • 26 Rosas-Ballina M, Tracey KJ. The neurology of the immune system: neural reflexes regulate immunity. Neuron 2009; 64: 28–32.
  • 27 Rosas-Ballina M, Ochani M, Parrish WR et al. Splenic nerve is required for cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway control of TNF in endotoxemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 11008–13.
  • 28 Huston JM, Rosas-Ballina M, Xue X et al. Cholinergic neural signals to the spleen down-regulate leukocyte trafficking via CD11b. J Immunol 2009; 183: 552–9.
  • 29 Saeed RW, Varma S, Peng-Nemeroff T et al. Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. J Exp Med 2005; 201: 1113–23.
  • 30 Brigden ML, Pattullo AL. Prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection–an update. Crit Care Med 1999; 27: 836–42.
  • 31 Tracey KJ. Suppression of TNF and other proinflammatory cytokines by the tetravalent guanylhydrazone CNI-1493. Prog Clin Biol Res 1998; 397: 335–43.
  • 32 Pavlov VA, Parrish WR, Rosas-Ballina M et al. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity controls systemic cytokine levels through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23: 41–5.
  • 33 Pavlov VA, Ochani M, Gallowitsch-Puerta M et al. Central muscarinic cholinergic regulation of the systemic inflammatory response during endotoxemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 5219–23.
  • 34 Li Y, Wu X, Zhu J, Yan J, Owyang C. Hypothalamic regulation of pancreatic secretion is mediated by central cholinergic pathways in the rat. J Physiol 2003; 552: 571–87.
  • 35 Shimazu T, Matsushita H, Ishikawa K. Cholinergic stimulation of the rat hypothalamus: effects of liver glycogen synthesis. Science 1976; 194: 535–6.
  • 36 Sloan RP, McCreath H, Tracey KJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Seeman T. RR interval variability is inversely related to inflammatory markers: the CARDIA study. Mol Med 2007; 13: 178–84.
  • 37 Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation 1996; 93: 1043–65.
  • 38 Gaziano EP, Freeman DW. Analysis of heart rate patterns preceding fetal death. Obstet Gynecol 1977; 50: 578–82.
  • 39 Sampson MB, Mudaliar NA, Lele AS. Fetal heart rate variability as an indicator of fetal status. Postgrad Med 1980; 67: 207–10, 213–15.
  • 40 Lauersen NH, Wilson KH, Bilek A, Rao VS, Kurkulos M. A new modality in nonstress testing: evaluation of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate variability. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 141: 521–6.
  • 41 Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT Jr, Moss AJ. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 256–62.
  • 42 La Rovere MT, Bigger JT Jr, Marcus FI, Mortara A, Schwartz PJ. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. ATRAMI (Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction) Investigators. Lancet 1998; 351: 478–84.
  • 43 Schwartz PJ, La Rovere MT, Vanoli E. Autonomic nervous system and sudden cardiac death. Experimental basis and clinical observations for post-myocardial infarction risk stratification. Circulation 1992; 85: I77–91.
  • 44 Garrard CS, Kontoyannis DA, Piepoli M. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the sepsis syndrome. Clin Auton Res 1993; 3: 5–13.
  • 45 Schmidt H, Muller-Werdan U, Hoffmann T et al. Autonomic dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of different age groups. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1994–2002.
  • 46 Aydemir M, Yazisiz V, Basarici I et al. Cardiac autonomic profile in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2010; 19: 255–61.
  • 47 Stojanovich L, Milovanovich B, de Luka SR et al. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjogren syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. Lupus 2007; 16: 181–5.
  • 48 Sharma P, Makharia GK, Ahuja V, Dwivedi SN, Deepak KK. Autonomic dysfunctions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54: 853–61.
  • 49 Lindgren S, Stewenius J, Sjolund K, Lilja B, Sundkvist G. Autonomic vagal nerve dysfunction in patients with ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993; 28: 638–42.
  • 50 Bruchfeld A, Goldstein RS, Chavan S et al. Whole blood cytokine attenuation by cholinergic agonists ex vivo and relationship to vagus nerve activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Intern Med 2010; 268: 94–101.
  • 51 Goldstein RS, Bruchfeld A, Yang L et al. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity and High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) serum levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Med 2007; 13: 210–5.
  • 52 Jan BU, Coyle SM, Macor MA, Reddell M, Calvano SE, Lowry SF. Relationship of basal heart rate variability to in vivo cytokine responses after endotoxin exposure. Shock 2010; 33: 363–8.
  • 53 Hoeger S, Bergstraesser C, Selhorst J et al. Modulation of brain dead induced inflammation by vagus nerve stimulation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 477–89.
  • 54 Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008; 9: 46–56.
  • 55 Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol 2006; 27: 24–31.
  • 56 Miller AH, Maletic V, Raison CL. Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65: 732–41.
  • 57 Kemp AH, Quintana DS, Gray MA, Felmingham KL, Brown K, Gatt JM. Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67: 1067–74.
  • 58 Bajbouj M, Merkl A, Schlaepfer TE et al. Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 30: 273–81.
  • 59 Rush AJ, Sackeim HA, Marangell LB et al. Effects of 12 months of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: a naturalistic study. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58: 355–63.
  • 60 Marangell LB, Rush AJ, George MS et al. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for major depressive episodes: one year outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51: 280–7.
  • 61 Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67: 446–57.
  • 62 Lampert R, Bremner JD, Su S et al. Decreased heart rate variability is associated with higher levels of inflammation in middle-aged men. Am Heart J 2008; 156: 759.e1–7.
  • 63 Haensel A, Mills PJ, Nelesen RA, Ziegler MG, Dimsdale JE. The relationship between heart rate variability and inflammatory markers in cardiovascular diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008; 33: 1305–12.
  • 64 Carney RM, Freedland KE, Stein PK et al. Heart rate variability and markers of inflammation and coagulation in depressed patients with coronary heart disease. J Psychosom Res 2007; 62: 463–7.
  • 65 Janszky I, Ericson M, Lekander M et al. Inflammatory markers and heart rate variability in women with coronary heart disease. J Intern Med 2004; 256: 421–8.
  • 66 Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Irwin MR, Talajic M, Pollock BG. The relationships among heart rate variability, inflammatory markers and depression in coronary heart disease patients. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23: 1140–7.
  • 67 Soares-Miranda L, Negrao CE, Antunes-Correa LM et al. High levels of C-reactive protein are associated with reduced vagal modulation and low physical activity in young adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; July 6. [Epub ahead of Print].
  • 68 Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, Demeersman RE et al. Aerobic exercise attenuates inducible TNF production in