Despite improvements in crop production and poverty levels, the WHO estimates that 24% of children are stunted globally, totaling 171 million children. Stunting is a form of chronic malnutrition when children fall below their height-for-age median, leading to cognitive impairment and lifelong economic loss. Nutritional supplementation has failed to improve the prevalence of stunting, prompting alternative explanations that include environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), an inflammatory intestinal abnormality, and mycotoxin exposures. Both of these associated factors are climate-dependent.
A systematic review of primary research was conducted in PubMed and WHO databases following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 191 studies were identified; 27 met the inclusion criteria, and 23 articles were selected and related to stunting, EED, and mycotoxins. Recently published clinical trials were unsuccessful at resolving EED with immunosuppressant, antiparasitic, or dietary therapies.
A stunting factor known to co-occur with EED is mycotoxin exposure from contaminated grains and groundnuts, although the pathway linking mycotoxin exposure to stunting is unclear. Current studies have evaluated influences of reducing exposure and removing mycotoxins from affected foods, although the results have been unclear. Research in EED and mycotoxicity is underway but remains elusive in mitigating childhood stunting. Climate change and environmental factors will further exacerbate both factors by increasing the difficulty of proper sanitation establishment and shortening the time food can be safely stored in humidity.
Efforts at reducing stunting, particularly among developing countries, need to focus on improved sanitation and mycotoxin eradication in the context of changing climates.
Published by connie dello buono
Connie Dello Buono is based in Sunnyvale California. Her first ebook is about women's health, Birthing Ways Healing Ways and her recent one is about cancer prevention, Curated Healing Ways. She had helped women have holistic childbirth as childbirth educator, founded Motherhealth, to serve seniors in the bay area with holistic caregivers and blogs at www.clubalthea.com with more than 10,000 health and finance related posts.
Connie trains her own caregivers, which are the favorites of most bay area seniors who are home bound and alone.
She is active in the rehab and nursing facilities, volunteering on music and movement for seniors.
She is a member of Lion's club and offered scholarships to students in the Philippines.
She is active at churchinsunnyvale.us and has Fridays Bible home study in Sunnyvale using the recovery version of the Bible , free at biblesforamerica.us
She loves dancing and teaching and her courses can be found at
https://teachclub.com/@thriveafter60
She is California Life Insurance licensed providing life insurance for older adults with health issues and helping women retire safely with income for life.
at menloassetca.com , she helps with 401k rollover.
3 Benefit plans
- Mortgage protection using term life insurance to pay for mortgage balance in event of death
- Final Expense plan using Single Issue Whole Life Insurance, with cash back, disability benefit and guaranteed in the presence of health issues
- Fixed Index Annuity retirement plan for safe, accessibility, less fees, less taxes, avoids probate as it goes directly to beneficiaries, rate of return with no downside market participation.
She brings compassion and understanding to the needs of her clients, bringing holistic approach in health and life insurance. Her goal is to free families from worries especially during covid with caregivers and life insurance in the presence of health issues, especially for women.
She can be reached at 408-854-1883 , motherhealth@gmail.com
View more posts
