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Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System

tapeworms — Jannicke Wiik-Nielsen/Getty Images

What should you know about parasitic infections of the central nervous system? How are they contracted and what can you do to prevent them? Read about the symptoms and how are they treated.

Neurological Parasitic Infections

Parasitic infections can invade practically any part of the body imaginable. Those that infect the nervous system are potentially the most damaging and the most disturbing.

Not only may these conditions be sometimes fatal, but can result in lifelong disability. Early recognition and prompt treatment are important in order to reduce both mortality and the frequently catastrophic aftermath of these diseases.

Some parasitic infections involving the central nervous system may occur in anyone. In contrast, opportunistic parasitic infections are those that are more likely to occur when a person has a suppressed immune system due to cancer treatments, HIV, or other chronic medical conditions.

We don’t mind informing someone that we have a bacterial or viral infection, like strep throat or influenza. Most of us, though, would hesitate before confessing we had tapeworms. Parasitic infections feel more intrusive—somehow more of a violation than other forms of infection.

Surprisingly, though, a very large percentage of the world’s population does have some form of parasitic infection, and it’s estimated that over a billion people are infected with roundworms alone.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a parasite infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is widely spread throughout the world with around 15 percent of people in the US, and about 50 percent of people in Europe, having a positive antibody test for the disease.

The immune system keeps the parasite in check for most of us. But in cases of immunodeficiency, such as AIDS, the parasite is able to run amok in the brain, creating circular abscesses visible on an MRI. Toxoplasmosis can cause a headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and mental status changes.

Toxoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining condition according to the CDC, which refers to diseases that are directly related to the suppression of the immune system associated with an HIV infection.

Toxoplasmosis is frequently associated with cat litter, but the case against felines may be overstated. In patients with AIDS, there is no difference in risk based on exposure to kitty litter.

The preferred treatment for toxoplasmosis includes pyrimethamine, leucovorin, and sulfadiazine. If there’s any concern for elevated intracranial pressure, then steroids should also be used.

As usual, it’s best to prevent the infection from ever occurring by avoiding immunosuppression and using prophylactic medication for those with compromised immune systems. Due to prophylactic treatment and antiretroviral therapy, the rate of toxoplasmosis-related infections has fallen since its peak in 1995.

Prevention techniques may include avoiding kitty litter (or wearing gloves at a minimum), eating only fully cooked meat, thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables, and wearing gloves whenever gardening (think: outdoor litter box.)

Neurocysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis occurs when people ingest the eggs of Taenia solium, a pork tapeworm whose eggs are found in human feces. Ingesting the eggs leads to tapeworm larvae growing in many different human tissues, particularly brain and muscle. This leads to seizures and more.

The infection, contrary to widespread belief, is not directly caused by eating undercooked pork. When undercooked pork is eaten, the cysts can lead to tapeworm infection in the small intestine with each worm shedding thousands of eggs. It is the eggs which can lead to neurocysticercosis.

When a person eats the eggs of the tapeworm (which have been shed by a carrier of the tapeworm), the worm embryo can bore through the bowel and make its way to the central nervous system or spinal cord. Symptoms may then include increased intracranial pressure, headaches, and seizures.

The disease is most common in regions where pigs are raised and sanitation is poor, including much of South America and India, and is thought to have infected at least 50 million people worldwide.

Cysticercosis is a leading cause of seizures worldwide and is a growing health problem in the United States (primarily due to immigration from Latin America.) Treatment is with albendazole and praziquantel along with steroids to reduce swelling in the brain.

Prevention includes careful handwashing, avoiding contaminated meat, and making sure to eat only pork that has been cooked thoroughly.

Without exaggeration, malaria is one of the most serious threats to human life throughout the entire history of mankind. Over millennia, the disease has killed hundreds of millions of people.

The workings of this parasite are complex, but almost always involve being transmitted by an infected mosquito. Here we will only briefly discuss one of malaria’s several tactics in human destruction: the direct invasion of brain tissue.

Cerebral malaria can cause changes in consciousness or seizures. Without treatment, the disease usually progresses to coma or death. With treatment, mortality is between 15 to 20 percent. Some survivors, especially children, can have residual deficits like blindness, deafness, seizures, or cognitive problems.

Cerebral malaria is most common where malaria is endemic, such as Africa. Visitors to such regions can help prevent malaria infection with prophylactic medication and other preventative measures. Those who suffer malarial infection require immediate treatment with either cinchona alkaloids such as quinidine, or artemisinin derivatives such as artesunate. The latter is the drug of choice in severe infection.

Trypanosomiasis, also called sleeping sickness, is caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or Trypanosoma brucei rhodosiense. Like malaria, the parasite is spread by an insect host.

American trypanosomiasis is transmitted by the assassin bug. African trypanosomiasis is spread by the tsetse fly, which leaves a painful, two to five-centimeter mark on the skin. A rash may also follow.

After a period of time, sometimes years, the parasite spreads from the blood to the brain, leading to meningoencephalitis and swelling. A headache, difficulty thinking, personality changes, and movement disorders such as tremor or ataxia (lack of coordination) can result.

The disease is fatal without treatment. To diagnose the disease, the parasite must be seen under a microscope in a sample such as cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves medications such as eflornithine or melarsoprol—which can have serious side effects—but they’re considerably better than allowing the infection to go untreated.

Schistosomiasis, also called bilharzia or bilharziasis, is caused by infection with small, flatworms called flukes. Usually, these small, leaf-shaped worms cause intestinal, liver, kidney or bladder problems. Globally, about one in 30 people carry these schistosomes, which are often acquired through bathing and swimming in freshwater lakes in which these worms live.

Like many parasites, the life cycle of this organism is complex and involves many different stages. Humans acquire the infection by contact with water from freshwater lakes containing schistosomal larvae, which penetrate the skin and migrate into the blood vessels. Once in the blood vessels, they can travel through the body. The worms use suckers to adhere to the wall of the blood vessel, where they can live for up to 30 years.

Roughly 240 million people are infected with schistosomiasis each year.

Most people with this infection feel no symptoms at all. Sometimes, acute infection can be seen one day after exposure with an itchy rash. Two to eight weeks later, a fever can develop. Later, as the schistosomes can spread to different organs, various symptoms can occur.

The worms can spread to the spinal cord, causing myelopathy. This results in pain, bowel dysfunction, and weakness of the regions below the level of infection. Permanent paralysis can result. In other cases, the schistosomiasis can affect the brain, leading to epilepsy or elevated intracranial pressure.

Because these worms can live in the body for years, with potential for serious trouble at any time, infected persons should be treated regardless of whether they have serious symptoms.

Praziquantel is the treatment of choice. If the flukes have invaded the nervous system, steroids should be given as well in order to reduce the inflammatory response.

Echinococcus, also called hydatidosis, is a tapeworm which, in the early stage of life, can cause cysts in living human tissue including the brain and spinal cord. The parasites which are responsible include Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis.

Humans acquire the infection by eating contaminated food. The disease is rare in the United States but is more common in Africa, Central Asia, Southern South America, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.

The initial stages of infection are always asymptomatic, and it may be years before the cysts cause any problems. In the brain, the cysts can cause seizures or elevated intracranial pressure.

In the spinal cord, the cysts can cause spinal cord compression and paralysis. Infections of the central nervous system are relatively rare, however—usually the cysts infect other organs, such as the lungs or liver.

Cysts can be found with a CT scan, but they’re usually found when an imaging test is done for some other reason. Cysts may need surgical removal, often with additional medical treatment with a drug such as albendazole or praziquantel.

Trichinella

Trichinellosis is an infection caused by roundworms (nematodes) and is most commonly found in undercooked pig meat (though it can be found in other types of meat as well.) The infection is relatively uncommon in the United States due to improvements in food preparation.

Larvae invade the wall of the small bowel and develop into adult worms. Worms then go on to release eggs that grow into cysts in muscles. When the muscle is ingested by another animal, the cycle continues.

Severe trichinellosis can cause a meningoencephalitis. A headache is a common symptom. Swelling, strokes, and seizures can also occur. The CT can show small cystic lesions throughout the brain. Treatment is with albendazole or mebendazole, sometimes combined with prednisone in severe cases.

Paragonimiasis

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic infection with a flatworm which may enter the body through eating undercooked crab or crayfish. It is rare in the United States, though several cases have been reported in the Midwest. Most commonly it is found in East Asian countries.

The parasite does not often affect the central nervous system but the parasite may reach the brain either through the bloodstream or through the foramina at the base of the skull. The adult form of the parasite both releases inflammatory substances and tunnels through tissues, which can result in headaches, seizures, and strokes (primarily due to tunneling.)

Angiostrongyliasis

Angiostrongyliasis is a parasitic infection caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is most common in Southeast Asia but may occur in the Caribbean as well. It is contracted from eating undercooked snails, slugs, crabs, or prawns.

The larva of this parasite migrates to the brain causing headaches, nausea, and neck stiffness. In contrast to many of this parasitic infection of the central nervous system, there is no specific treatment available and the infection usually resolves over a period of four to six weeks.

A Word From Verywell

As unappealing as parasitic infections are, it’s worth noting that most of the time, these infections go unnoticed. A high percentage of people throughout the world live with a worm or other parasite. As close as we may be with these organisms, though, invasion of our central nervous systems is too close for comfort and must always be taken seriously.

Good hygiene (meticulous hand washing and wearing gloves), careful and thorough washing of fruits and vegetables, and proper cooking of meats can go a long way in lowering your risk of these conditions.

Brain repair diet

Do follow the anti-parasitic diet, eat whole foods rich in Vitamin C , A and E and get sufficient night time sleep. Avoid and run away from toxic people. Stay with nature and meet new friends. Make someone happy. In nursing facilities, some seniors are suffering from sundowning syndrome, a state of acute mental confusion and behavioral change that takes place at the end of the day and into the night. Since we synthesize cholesterol at night, eat a healthy fat food at night and use ways to calm the body for a good night sleep (dim the lights , except for a hallway night light) and stay with the seniors until he goes to sleep.

Connie

Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin E, Curcumin, and Caffeine

A number of studies point to the healthy effects of dietary factors on the brain. For example, fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to improve cognition, plasticity, and recovery of neurons after traumatic brain injury. One of the most important forms of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been found to be a key component of neuronal membranes at sites of signal transduction at the synapse, suggesting that its action is vital to brain structure and function [10]. Evidence suggests that DHA serves to improve neuronal function by supporting synaptic membrane fluidity and function, and regulating gene expression and cell signaling [19]. Because the human body is not capable of producing its own DHA, supplementation of diet with foods rich in DHA is important in insuring proper function of neurons and in facilitating neuronal recovery after injury [25]. An additional benefit of omega-3 fatty acids which we observed in our studies is that they appear to reduce oxidative stress damage that results from trauma, indicating at the possibility of their application in assisting the recovery process [25, 26].

Another dietary supplement that has shown promise in protecting neurons is Vitamin E, found in certain oils, nuts, and spinach. Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant, reducing free radicals in the brain which would otherwise impede optimal function of neurons. Vitamin E has shown positive effects on memory performance in older people [17], indicating its ability to maintain neuronal health. A different study similarly revealed the benefits of Vitamin E by showing a correlation between the amount of ingested Vitamin E and improved neurological performance, survival, and brain mitochondrial function in aging mice [16].

Curcumin, a yellow curry spice, has also been suggested to enhance recovery events after brain trauma, displaying particular potency in preserving cognition. Curcumin was found to improve neuronal function in individuals afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease by reducing oxidative stress and amyloid pathology [5]. In addition, it was found to protect the brain from lipid peroxidation [20] and nitric oxide-based radicals [21]. In accordance with these observations, our own studies have showed that the supplementation of curcumin into the diets of rats reduced the effects of experimental concussive injury on cognitive function tasks [27].

Studies observing the effects of caffeine on neuronal regeneration and function are recently emerging. A new study shows that chronic, but not acute, treatment with caffeine protects the brain against injury in animal models of Parkinson’s disease and stroke by increasing glutamate release and inflammatory cytokine production [12].

Caloric Intake

Cognition and plasticity of the brain have also been shown to be affected by caloric intake and the frequency of food consumption. Restriction of calories seems to increase levels of BDNF, resulting in improved neuronal function. Fasting every other day has been shown to protect neurons in the hippocampus against excitotoxicity-induced death [2]. In the study, rats put on an every-other-day-fasting diet for 2-4 months had hippocampus neurons that were much more resistant to degeneration induced by kainic acid, and greater preserved memory than rats fed ad lib.

Saturated-Fat Diet

While certain foods seem to contribute positively to neuronal health, diets that are rich in saturated fats appear to decrease levels of BDNF in the brain and lead in poorer neuronal performance. Molteni and colleagues have shown that rats fed a diet high in saturated fats and refined sugars (similar in content to the “junk food” that has become popular today) for a period of 1-2 months, performed significantly worse on the spatial learning mater maze test than rats fed a healthier diet that was low in fat and contained complex carbohydrates [13].

Hemorrhagic stroke

Hemorrhagic_Stroke_CBL

What are the healthy foods for 50-year-old people?

A 70 year old who experienced stroke, started eating mostly banana and soft boiled eggs.

A poor man in his 100, has always been eating yams or sweet potatoes daily.

A 120 year old Italian widow eats 2 boiled eggs a day.

Doctors tell the family of a dying patient to give him/her what she feels like eating.

Each of us have unique set of microbiome or organisms in our gut that can cause cancer or help us live longer.

If retired, cook and prepare your meals daily. If not retired, use simple foods and prepared with proper hygiene.

If one of the family member died of cancer, do a liver cleaning food to kill infections or parasites.

Aspire to eat your nutrients from foods and not be over medicated.

Bitter greens, banana, soft boiled egg, lemons, soups, salads (washed with vinegar or salt water) and sour fruits. Avoid foods with trans fat, molds, additives, processed salt or sugar, alcohol, caffeine, restaurant foods and fast foods, soda, milk and cheese and red meat.

Morning foods: eggs, soy or almond milk, green tea or fresh ginger with lemon tea, soup, filtered water), boiled sweet potatoes or yams, berries

Late afternoon and lunch foods: apples, banana, avocado, soup , calcium and magnesium rich foods, coconut water

Avoid foods with parasites:

Up to nearly 10% of Americans may be infected with brain parasites found in undercooked meat. One example is the brain-invasive pork tapeworm, which is the most common cause of adult-onset epilepsy. Allergenic fish worms found in nearly two-thirds of retail fish tested can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. There have been migratory skin worms found in undercooked fish (like in sushi).

Cheese may contain mites and maggots and organ meats may contain other worms. Nearly 95% of tested retail U.S. beef (including burgers) has been found to be parasite infested. The meat industry has responded to this problem by feeding arsenic to chickens and turkeys to reduce the parasite load; this arsenic may be linked to increased cancer risk in consumers, and adding bacteria-eating viruses to meat would not help one avoid the brain parasite, toxoplasma, the second leading cause of foodborne disease-related death in the United States. Being bitten by the external parasite, a lone star tick, may result in developing an allergy to meat.

Have an apple, banana and 1 soft boiled eggs a day.
Have warm soup a day, with ginger.
Have hot tea of lemon, ginger, and favorite fruits (plum, apples,pears,kiwi )
Have sweet potatoes tops and guava tops (greens from tip of stem) added in soups.
Chew often, healthy foods from fresh pineapple and papaya.
Do not eat left overs.
Stay away from alcohol even red wine.
Stay away from oils, over cooked oils.
DO not get your calcium and magnesium from milk and milk products.

Parasites in foods

Rope parasites, baking soda, salt, enema, fasting, eucalyptus oil and lemon

Human intestinal helminths are described in this paper. They can be over a meter long, with an irregular cylindrical shape, resembling a rope. These anaerobic intestinal “rope” parasites differ significantly from other well-known intestinal parasites. Rope parasites can leave human body with enemas, and are often mistaken for intestinal lining, feces, or decayed remains of other parasites.

Rope parasites (also feeds on blood, works at night) can attach to intestinal walls with suction bubbles, which later develop into suction heads. Walls of the rope parasites consist of scale-like cells forming multiple branched channels along the parasite’s length. Rope parasites can move by jet propulsion, passing gas bubbles through these channels. Currently known antihelminthic methods include special enemas. Most humans are likely hosting these helminths.

People with alkaline blood reaction (blood pH of 8-10) had the worst parasitic invasions, most likely due to chronic constipation caused by intestinal dysbacteriosis, which rope parasites contribute to significantly. An easy way to determine if blood has alkaline reaction is based on the eye conjunctiva colour behind the eyelid. Bright pink conjunctiva colour signifies normal blood pH, while bright red colour corresponds to alkaline blood, and pale conjunctiva corresponds to acidic blood.
Similar to Giardia, rope parasites release toxins in the intestinal tract, and the blood
stream, suppressing immune system and causing multiple symptoms in humans.

Once an adult parasite is attached to the intestinal wall, human body does not have
mechanisms to get rid of it. Rope parasite tegument releases a special slimy acrid
substance with a distinct smell. This substance helps parasites attach to the lining of the
intestines and protects them from proteolytic enzymes. It is quite possible that this slime
protects the parasites from human body immunological response.

This slime release is seasonal, and it can travel up the intestinal tract, reaching lungs and airways. One can only imagine how many microelements, vitamins and enzymes the human body is stripped off to sustain this parasitic biomass. Human body starts to lack essential nutrients, which leads to higher food consumption, resulting in obesity. These helminths themselves also contribute to the excess body weight.

While currently there’s no known pharmaceutical antihelminthics cure for the
rope parasites, dehilminthation methods include cleaning water enemas, followed by
enema with baking soda, eucalyptus oil followed by the lemon juice enema,6,7,8 and
milk enemas with salt.

Source:

Click to access 1301.0953.pdf

Aspartame patent reveals E. coli feces used

Aspartame patent reveals E. coli feces used The European patent for aspartame is now available online, and it confirms the artificial sweetener is made from the waste products of genetically modified E. coli bacteria. … They are modified to produce an especially large peptide used to create aspartame.

The Annals of Oncology in 2004 noted that more than 50 studies had been published looking at saccharin in rats. Twenty of these were “one generation” studies, meaning that they did not look at the rats’ offspring. In only one of those studies did huge amounts of saccharin produce cancer, and it was in a type of rat that is frequently infected with a bladder parasite that would leave it susceptible to saccharin-induced bladder cancer.

But “two-generation studies,” in which rats were fed lots of saccharin and their offspring were, too, found that bladder cancer was significantly more common in second-generation rats. That prompted many countries to act.

Instead, they noted that the paper stated that (1) brain cancer had become more common from 1975 to 1992 and (2) that more people had started consuming aspartame recently.

A study following people for an average of more than 14 years published last year in JAMA Internal Medicine found that those in the highest quintile of added sugar consumption had more than twice the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than those in the lowest quintile, even after controlling for many other factors.

The accompanying editorial noted that the increased risk of death began once a person consumed the equivalent of one 20-ounce Mountain Dew in a 2,000-calorie diet, and reached more than a fourfold increase if people consumed more than one-third of their diet in added sugars.

Escherichia coli (/ˌɛʃəˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ/),^[1]^[2] also known as E. coli (/ˌiː ˈkoʊlaɪ/),^[3] is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).^[4]^[5] Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food contamination.^[6]^[7] The harmless strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K₂,^[8] and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a symbiotic relationship.^[9]^[10] E. coli is expelled into the environment within fecal matter. The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for 3 days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards.^[11]

E. coli and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.1% of gut microbiota,^[12] and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them potential indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination.^[13]^[14] A growing body of research, though, has examined environmentally persistent E. coli which can survive for extended periods outside a host.^[15]

The bacterium can be grown and cultured easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years. E. coli is a chemoheterotroph whose chemically defined medium must include a source of carbon and energy.^[16] E. coli is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. Under favorable conditions, it takes up to 20 minutes to reproduce.^[17]

Gut microbiome and brain health

Tulsi Gabbard

Plastics , hormone disruptor

In Louisiana’s “Cancer Alley,” pollution from chemical plants has pushed cancer rates to 50 times the United States average.

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the body’s endocrine disruptors may be found in many everyday products– including plastic bottles.

Now, residents’ lives are set to get even harder.

A proposed plastics mega-complex will spew millions of tons of pollutants tied to cancer, heart and lung disease, and other serious illnesses.

This complex, owned by shady chemical corporation Formosa Plastics, will be one of the biggest plastic plants on earth — churning out 2.4 million tons of raw plastic a year for single-use junk like bags and straws.

Locals are battling this vast new plant, but money-hungry government officials are ignoring their demands.

On August 12, we have a huge chance to stop this plastic disaster. That’s the deadline for public comment on the air pollution permits needed to start construction. If we can show massive opposition to Formosa’s mega-polluting complex, Louisiana officials will be forced to back down.

Tell Louisiana officials: We won’t let you sacrifice our health and oceans for plastic junk. Stop Formosa Plastics now!

Everywhere Formosa Plastics goes, disaster follows.

The Taiwan-based corporation caused the worst environmental disaster in Vietnam’s history, illegally discharging chemicals that poisoned 125 miles of coastline and killed hundreds of acres of coral reef.

In Louisiana, Formosa’s sprawling complex would be located just 1 mile from an elementary school — and in the middle of St. James Parish, a low-income, mainly Black area that’s already suffering from horrific air pollution.

But Formosa isn’t invincible. Texas residents just won a huge case against Formosa for the years it illegally dumped raw plastics into waterways. The corporation must now pay up to $162 million in fines.

Add your voice: Tell Louisiana officials to vote NO on polluting, law-breaking Formosa Plastics!

Louisiana officials think this is a small, local issue. But we know it’s not. This is part of the oil and gas industry’s $180-billion plan to nearly double plastic production in the next decade — a move that could annihilate our oceans.

Luckily, the world is turning against polluting plastics. SumOfUs members like you just won historic legislation in Canada that will phase out single-use plastics. People power has pushed hundreds of other cities, states and countries to take action against plastic too.

9 Ways to Avoid Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals | NRDC

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/9-ways-avoid-hormone-disrupting-chemicals

Jan 18, 2016 – Endocrine disruptors like BPA and phthalates lurk in everything from cleaning products to fragrances. Try to steer clear of these chemicals by …

Dirty Dozen Endocrine Disruptors | EWG

https://www.ewg.org/research/dirty-dozen-list-endocrine-disruptors

Oct 28, 2013 – There is no end to the tricks that endocrine disruptors can play on our … Not all of these plastics contain BPA, but many do – and it’s better safe …

Endocrine disruptor – Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_disruptor

Jump to Bisphenol A (BPA) – BPA is a known endocrine disruptor, and numerous studies have found that laboratory animals exposed to low levels of it …

‎History · ‎Endocrine system · ‎Types · ‎Legal approach

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) | Hormone Health Network

https://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals

What are Endocrine–Disrupting Chemicals and why should you be concerned? … Global production of plastics grew from 50 million tons in the mid-1970s to …

Health Effects of Environmental Endocrine Disrupters – EndocrineWeb

https://www.endocrineweb.com/…endocrine…/health-effects-environmental-endocrine…

Mar 20, 2019 – Ongoing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals like BPA lead to a number of diseases including diabetes, early onset of puberty, cancer, …

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) – WHO

https://www.who.int/ceh/risks/cehemerging2/en/

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and potential EDCs are mostly … on the subject in the State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012, …

Endocrine Disruptors – Emory Department of Pediatrics

https://www.pediatrics.emory.edu/centers/pehsu/concern/disruptor.html

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are environmental chemicals that affect the function of the … Phthalates are chemicals used as plasticizers, or plastic softeners.

What is an endocrine disruptor? – ScienceDirect

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069117301257

by C Monneret – ‎2017 – ‎Cited by 27 – ‎Related articles

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and potential EDCs are mostly man-made … EDCS may be found in plastic bottles and metal food cans (BPA), medical …

Healthy fats for the gall bladder

A low fat diet cannot adequately stimulate the gall bladder to release bile for fat digestion and absorption.

Polyunsaturated fats such as omega-3 seem to help keep the gallbladder healthy and reduce the risk ofgallbladder problems. These fats are commonly found in cold-water fish, nuts such as walnuts, seeds such as flaxseed, and oils from fish or flaxseed.

Parasites

Parasites residing in the biliary tree include Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, and Fasciola hepatica. They are willowy, leaf-like, flat flukes dwelling in the bile ducts andgallbladder.

Several parasites infest liver or biliary tree, either during their maturation stages or as adult worms. Bile iry tree parasites may cause pancreatitis, cholecystitis, biliary tree obstruction, recurrent cholangitis, biliary tree strictures and some may lead to cholangiocarcinoma. This review discusses the hepatobiliary parasites, and shows our experience in diagnosis and management of these parasites. Ultrasonography of the liver is diagnostic in schistosomiasis, hydatid cysts, amebic liver abscess, ascariasis and other biliary tree parasites showing bile duct dilatation. Percutaneous aspiration under ultrasonography guidance of hydatid liver cysts or amebic abscess are effective measures in management. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is safe and effective in diagnosis and management of biliary tree parasites.

Gall bladder detox

Lemon juice and olive oil. This method involves not eating for 12 hours during the day and then, at 7 p.m., drinking four tablespoons of olive oil and one tablespoon of lemon juice — eight times every 15 minutes.
Apple juice and vegetable juice. This method involves drinking only apple juice and vegetable juice until 5 p.m. After 5 p.m., drink 18 milliliters (ml) of olive oil and 9 ml of lemon juice every 15 minutes until you’ve consumed eight ounces of olive oil.

Some people may also use enemas along with drinking olive oil and lemon juice to encourage bowel movements. Enemas may contain soap suds or warm water that a person instills into the rectum. The extra water can stimulate the bowels to move.

Guava leaves, comfrey leaves, sulfur, MSM, cellulite, diabetes and uses

guava leaf tea: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/g/guava+leaf+tea.html

The Medicinal Properties Of Guava And Its Leaves | Well.Org

https://www.well.org/nutrition/medicinal-guava/

Jun 21, 2019 – Discover guava tree health benefits for disease prevention and overall wellness. Let’s look at all the properties locked inside this little fruit here!

Missing: ~~sulfur~~ ‎~~comfrey~~

Jan 15, 2011 – Uploaded by Rickvanman – Variety Channel

Herbalism Basics 5 – How To Make An Ointment. This is one of a series of 6 YouTube videos explaining the …

How does MSM help us get rid of cellulite? – Quora

https://www.quora.com/How-does-MSM-help-us-get-rid-of-cellulite

Comfrey leaves and parasites

The genus name for comfrey is Symphytum, which means to “unite or knit together.” The name com-firma means simply, “knitting of bones.” You can use the leaf and the root, fresh or dried.

Comfrey contains a special substance called allantoin, which is a cell proliferative. In other words, it makes cells grow faster. This is one of the reasons why comfrey-treated bones knit so fast, wounds mend so quickly and burns heal with such little scarring. Comfrey is often called knitbone or healing herb.

Guave leaves and parasites

There is increasing interest in discovering new bioactive compounds derived from ethnomedicine. Preparations of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves have traditionally been used to manage several diseases. The pharmacological research in vitro as well as in vivo has been widely used to demonstrate the potential of the extracts from the leaves for the co-treatment of different ailments with high prevalence worldwide, upholding the traditional medicine in cases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and parasitic infections.

Moreover, the biological activity has been attributed to the bioactive composition of the leaves, to some specific phytochemical subclasses, or even to individual compounds. Phenolic compounds in guava leaves have been credited with regulating blood-glucose levels.

Thus, the aim of the present review was to compile results from in vitro and in vivo studies carried out with guava leaves over the last decade, relating the effects to their clinical applications in order to focus further research for finding individual bioactive compounds. Some food applications (guava tea and supplementary feed for aquaculture) and some clinical, in vitro, and in vivo outcomes are also included.

Conclusion

Traditional claims generally require experimental research to establish their effectiveness. In this regard, ethnomedicine applications of Psidium guajava L. leaves have been verified by several researches over the last decade against many disorders, demonstrating its potential in the treatment of the most common worldwide diseases. In addition, the effects of the leaves have been related to individual compounds such as quercetin, catechin, vescalagin, gallic acid, peltatoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and guaijaverin.

Future prospects should be aimed at investigating the biodiversity of guava and/or the purification of the different compounds present in guava leaves in order to obtain functional ingredients for further uses as alternative agents in natural therapeutic approaches.

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