Johns Hopkins researchers develop single blood test – $500 that screens for eight common cancers
Johns Hopkins researchers develop single blood test – $500 that screens for eight common cancers
CancerSEEK is a noninvasive test that can detect cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung, or breast
IMAGE CREDIT: ISTOCK
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a single blood test that screens for eight common cancer types and helps identify the location of the cancer.
The test, called CancerSEEK, is a unique, noninvasive test that simultaneously evaluates levels of eight common cancer proteins and the presence of cancer gene mutations from DNA circulating in the blood. The cancers that the test screens for—cancers of the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, colorectum, lung, or breast—account for more than 60 percent of cancer deaths in the United States. Five of the cancers covered by the test currently have no screening test.
CancerSEEK can, in principle, be administered by primary care providers at the time of other routine blood work. The investigators envision that the CancerSEEK test will eventually cost less than $500.
“THIS TEST REPRESENTS THE NEXT STEP IN CHANGING THE FOCUS OF CANCER RESEARCH FROM LATE-STAGE DISEASE TO EARLY DISEASE, WHICH I BELIEVE WILL BE CRITICAL TO REDUCING CANCER DEATHS IN THE LONG TERM.”
Bert Vogelstein
Johns Hopkins professor of oncology
“The use of a combination of selected biomarkers for early detection has the potential to change the way we screen for cancer, and it is based on the same rationale for using combinations of drugs to treat cancers,” says Nickolas Papadopoulos, senior author and professor of oncology and pathology at Johns Hopkins.
The findings were published online Thursday by Science.
“Circulating tumor DNA mutations can be highly specific markers for cancer. To capitalize on this inherent specificity, we sought to develop a small yet robust panel that could detect at least one mutation in the vast majority of cancers,” says Joshua Cohen, an MD-PhD student at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the paper’s first author. “In fact, keeping the mutation panel small is essential to minimize false-positive results and keep such screening tests affordable.”
The investigators initially explored several hundred genes and 40 protein markers, whittling the number down to segments of 16 genes and eight proteins. They point out that this molecular test is solely aimed at cancer screening and, therefore, is different from other molecular tests, which rely on analyzing large numbers of cancer-driving genes to identify therapeutically actionable targets.
In this study, the test had greater than 99 percent specificity for cancer. The test was used on 812 healthy controls and produced only seven false-positive results.
“Very high specificity was essential because false-positive results can subject patients to unnecessary invasive follow-up tests and procedures to confirm the presence of cancer,” says Kenneth Kinzler, professor of oncology.
Although the current test does not pick up every cancer, it identifies many cancers that would likely otherwise go undetected.
“Many of the most promising cancer treatments we have today only benefit a small minority of cancer patients, and we consider them major breakthroughs,” says Bert Vogelstein, professor of oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. “If we are going to make progress in early cancer detection, we have to begin looking at it in a more realistic way, recognizing that no test will detect all cancers.
“This test represents the next step in changing the focus of cancer research from late-stage disease to early disease, which I believe will be critical to reducing cancer deaths in the long term.”
Larger studies of the test are currently under way.
Washington Post evening news 1-19-2018
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Nutritional needs of those over 80
Suggested nutritional needs for those over 80 years of age
We can prepare soups of greens and yellow foods. When we buy organic whole chicken, we can use the bone broth to combine with various veggies and save them in the freezer for weeks supply. Most seniors eat a small serving. Some do not take any nutritional drink and rely on family members or caregivers to give them gourmet or healthy meals. Supplementation is a must when healthy foods are not served regularly. A dessert can be served in moderation.
- Fresh ginger
- Enzymes from pineapple and papaya
- Melatonin, we bought liquid from Wallgreens
- Green tea, Dandelion tea, tea of marshmallow root and nettle
- Lemons and other citrus
- Apple cider vinegar with mother
- More prune juice and real dried prunes
- Blueberries
- Kiwi
- Banana
- Hormone-free eggs, soft boiled or scrambled with cooked onions, cilantro and mushrooms
- Cilantro, parsley and other greens
- Turmeric, anti-pain – my 82 yr old mom takes capsule Zyflamend or Wholemend with turmeric and ginger
Alzheimer’s cure or slowing the aging process
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Alzheimer’s could be prevented and even cured by boosting the brain’s own immune response, new research suggests.
You can boost your brain’s own immune response with adequate sleep, proper nutrition, exercise and avoidance of environmental toxins. Massage, positive social life and less stress also help.
I have been caring for many seniors in the bay area. Some of them have trauma during their early 20s. Most eat pork and lots of processed foods and sugar.
Some have no social life and no families to care for them. They are unhappy and not sociable. They deprived their bodies of good nutrition and adequate sleep. In their kitchen are processed foods.
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Healthy aging starts with a healthy immune system.
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Healthy immune system is influenced by good nutrition, adequate sleep, regular exercise, positive and active social environment , epigenetics (health of our parents, our environment).
- Bacteria in our body may travel to the brain and influenced by toxins such as sugar, chronic stress, meds/drugs, alcohol, and other internal or external toxins.
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Researchers at Standford University discovered that nerve cells die because cells which are supposed to clear the brain of bacteria, viruses and dangerous deposits stop working. They stop working because brain cells are covered by toxins, we detox during sleep. Toxins cannot clear because of our sedentary lifestyle (lack of sunshine and exercise) , lack of sleep and what we ingested (processed foods/toxins).
Recommended Supplements: AgeLOC Young
https://www.nuskin.com/content/nuskin/en_US/products/shop/px_categories.html
How can emphysema be treated naturally?
Connie b. Dellobuono, Health author and blogger at http://www.motherhealth.net , student of nurse midwifery
Oxytocin Helps the Brain Modulate Social Signals
Oxytocin Helps the Brain Modulate Social Signals
NEUROSCIENCE NEWSSummary: A new study reports oxytocin plays a crucial role in processing numerous social signals.
Source: Harvard.
Between sights, sounds, smells and other senses, the brain is flooded with stimuli on a moment-to-moment basis. How can it sort through the flood of information to decide what is important and what can be relegated to the background?
Part of the answer, says Catherine Dulac, the Higgins Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology, may lie with oxytocin.
Though popularly known as the “love hormone,” Dulac and a team of researchers found evidence that oxytocin actually plays a crucial role in helping the brain process a wide array of social signals. The study is described in a December 12 paper published in eLife.
The study, Dulac said, suggests that oxytocin acts like a modulator in the brain, turning up the volume of certain stimuli while turning others down, helping the brain to make sense of the barrage for information it receives from one moment to the next.
In investigating the role of oxytocin in processing social signals, Dulac and colleagues began with an oft-observed behavior – the preference for male mice to interact with females.
Studies have shown that this behavior isn’t just social – it’s actually hard-wired in the brains of male mice.
When male mice are exposed to pheromone signals of females, Dulac and colleagues found, neurons in their medial amygdala showed increased levels of activation. When the same mice were exposed to pheromones of other males, those same neurons showed relatively little stimulation.
Armed with that data, Dulac and colleagues targeted the gene responsible for producing oxytocin – which was known to be involved in social interactions ranging from infant/parent bonding to monogamy in certain rodents.
Using genetic tools, researchers switched the gene off, and were surprised to find that both males’ preference for interacting with females and the neural signal in the amygdala disappeared.
“This is a molecule that’s involved in the processing of social signals,” Dulac said. “We also showed, using pharmacology and genetics, that the effect happens on a moment-to-moment basis.
“What we are trying to do is understand the logic of social interactions in one particular species,” she said. “What this study says is, for this particular type of social interaction, oxytocin plays a role, and that role is both at the level of the brain and the behavior.”
Understanding oxytocin – and molecules like it – might shed light on a number of brain disorders.
With an understanding of how various neurotransmitters work to amplify or quiet certain stimuli, Dulac said, researchers may gain new insight into how to treat everything from depression, which is often characterized by a lack of interest in social interactions, to autism, which is thought to be connected to an inability to sort through social and sensory stimuli.
Ultimately, Dulac said, the study offers a small glimpse into what could be a larger system of molecules which act like modulators in the brain, turning certain stimuli up or down depending on the situation.
“There may be many different regulators,” Dulac said. “Oxytocin might be one of a whole realm of modulators, each of which are important in a particular circumstance. That therefore gives the animal a great deal of plasticity in terms of engaging in a particular behavior, so it’s not the case that each time the animal encounters a particular stimulus it will react in exactly the same way. Depending on the state of the brain and the release of these neurotransmitters, the animal can boost its behavior toward the stimulus or ignore it.”
ABOUT THIS NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH ARTICLE
Source: Harvard
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to Dulac et al./eLife.
Original Research: Full open access research for “Oxytocin signaling in the medial amygdala is required for sex discrimination of social cues” by Shenqin Yao, Joseph Bergan, Anne Lanjuin, and Catherine Dulac in eLife. Published online December 12 2017 doi:10.7554/eLife.31373
CITE THIS NEUROSCIENCENEWS.COM ARTICLE
Harvard “Oxytocin Helps the Brain Modulate Social Signals.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 17 January 2018.
<http://neurosciencenews.com/oxytocin-social-signals-8330/>.
<http://neurosciencenews.com/oxytocin-social-signals-8330/>.
Abstract
Oxytocin signaling in the medial amygdala is required for sex discrimination of social cues
The neural control of social behaviors in rodents requires the encoding of pheromonal cues by the vomeronasal system. Here we show that the typical preference of male mice for females is eliminated in mutants lacking oxytocin, a neuropeptide modulating social behaviors in many species. Ablation of the oxytocin receptor in aromatase-expressing neurons of the medial amygdala (MeA) fully recapitulates the elimination of female preference in males. Further, single-unit recording in the MeA uncovered significant changes in the sensory representation of conspecific cues in the absence of oxytocin signaling. Finally, acute manipulation of oxytocin signaling in adults is sufficient to alter social interaction preferences in males as well as responses of MeA neurons to chemosensory cues. These results uncover the critical role of oxytocin signaling in a molecularly defined neuronal population in order to modulate the behavioral and physiological responses of male mice to females on a moment-to-moment basis.
“Oxytocin signaling in the medial amygdala is required for sex discrimination of social cues” by Shenqin Yao, Joseph Bergan, Anne Lanjuin, and Catherine Dulac in eLife. Published online December 12 2017 doi:10.7554/eLife.31373
Thank you DEMs for holding the line. Please stay strong.
Republicans are choosing to shut down the federal government instead of addressing critical priorities that have broad bipartisan support—the Dream Act, children’s health insurance program (CHIP), and disaster relief funding.
This is the fourth time Republicans have tried to kick the can down the road. Their incompetence has real consequences.
Enough is enough. No one wants a shutdown. There are bipartisan agreements on the table to avert one. Republicans control the House, Senate and White House. If they can pass a historically unpopular, trillion dollar tax cut for their donors, they can definitely pass bipartisan legislation now.
Sign and send a message to Senator Dianne Feinstein and Senator Kamala D. Harris: Thank you for holding the line. Please stay strong. I have your back.
ADD YOUR NAME
CHIP funding ran out in September. Donald Trump rescinded DACA in September. Parts of Puerto Rico still don’t have electricity and their Medicaid funding is almost gone. Each of these priorities should have been addressed months ago. Democrats have repeatedly held up their end of the deal by piecing together bipartisan compromises in both the House and the Senate—they have even made concessions their base opposes in order to avert a shutdown.
Conversely, Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan and Donald Trump have continued to negotiate in bad faith and refuse to bring the bipartisan legislation to the floor. Their refusal to compromise isn’t governance—it’s reckless obstruction at the expense of this country.
Sign and send a message to Senator Dianne Feinstein and Senator Kamala D. Harris: Thank you for holding the line. Please stay strong. I have your back.
ADD YOUR NAME
When Republicans withheld their votes in 2011 and 2013 during previous shutdown fights, they did it to pass divisive, partisan goals. The goals Democrats are fighting for are embraced by Americans across the political spectrum. There is no reason for Republicans to block this legislation.
Democrats are doing all they can to help Republicans govern. But they can’t negotiate any more than they have. Republicans have to come to the table too. Let’s make sure Democrats know we have their backs.
Add your name: Make sure Senator Dianne Feinstein and Senator Kamala D. Harris knows that we support them holding the line against Republican intransigence.
ADD YOUR NAME
Keep fighting,
Monique Teal, Daily Kos
How Babies’ Brains Process Touch Builds Foundations for Learning
Summary: University of Washington researchers report activity in the somatosensory cortex for both felt and observed touch demonstrates 7 month old babies can make a basic connection between self and others.
Source: University of Washington.
Touch is the first of the five senses to develop, yet scientists know far less about the baby’s brain response to touch than to, say, the sight of mom’s face, or the sound of her voice.
Now, through the use of safe, new brain imaging techniques, University of Washington researchers provide one of the first looks inside the infant’s brain to show where the sense of touch is processed — not just when a baby feels a touch to the hand or foot, but when the baby sees an adult’s hand or foot being touched, as well.
The evidence of activity in the somatosensory cortex for both “felt touch” and “observed touch” shows that 7-month-old infants have already made a basic connection between “self” and “other,” which researchers say lays the groundwork for imitating and learning from the behavior of other people, and for empathizing with them.
The findings by the UW Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences (I-LABS) are published this week in Developmental Science.
“Long before babies acquire spoken language, touch is a crucial channel of communication between caregivers and babies,” said the study’s primary author, Andrew Meltzoff, UW psychology professor and co-director of I-LABS. “Now we have the tools to see how the baby’s body is represented in the baby’s brain. This allows us to catch the first glimpse of a primitive sense of self that provides a building block for social learning.”
Past studies investigated how infants’ brains respond to touch, generally. The authors believe this is the first experiment to measure the specific networks of the brain where this processing occurs, and to illuminate how babies’ brains respond to seeing another person being touched, in the absence of being touched themselves.
For the study, researchers used the I-LABS Magnetoencephalography (MEG) machine to capture images of brain activity in 7-month-old infants as they were touched on the hand and foot, and as they watched videos of an adult hand and foot being touched.
Researchers were particularly interested in the brain’s somatosensory cortex, a region generally described as a strip of tissue in the brain that runs between the ears, over the top of the head. It is in this region, in separate places and at different levels of strength, that the brain processes touch to different parts of the body. A touch to the hand, for example, is a stronger sensation – and is processed in a different location along the somatosensory cortex – than a touch to the foot.
In the first experiment, each infant was seated in the MEG to measure brain activity as they received light touches. A small, inflatable balloon-like device was placed on the top of the baby’s hand, and when it expanded and contracted according to a computer-controlled timetable, it produced light taps on the baby’s skin. The same procedure was followed for the top of the baby’s foot.
The data showed that, when the hand was touched, the hand area of the somatosensory cortex was activated in all 14 infants tested; when the foot was touched, activation occurred in the foot area of the brains of all of the infants but one.
A different group of infants provided data for the “observed touch” experiment, in which they also were seated in the MEG but watched separate videos of an adult hand and an adult foot being touched by a small rod. Researchers discovered that the infants’ own somatosensory cortex (the “touch center” in the baby brain) also became activated when the babies simply observed someone else being touched.
There was a weaker response to “observed touch” than to “felt touch,” which was expected, Meltzoff said. The same is true of adults: A touch to your own hand is going to generate greater brain activity in the somatosensory cortex than merely seeing the touch to someone else’s hand.
The key, Meltzoff pointed out, is that the same part of the infant’s brain registered both kinds of touch, indicating a baby’s capacity for recognizing the similarity between their own body parts and those they see in other people.
This new evidence for shared neural regions processing touch to self and touch to others makes sense, Meltzoff said. As parents know, babies watch and imitate what adults do. Imitation is a powerful learning mechanism for infants, but in order to imitate, infants have to perceive how body parts correspond. In other words, they need to reproduce the same movement with the same part when they imitate what their parent is doing. Scientists have wondered how infants make this connection. “Before they have words for the body parts, babies recognize that their hand is like your hand, and their foot is like your foot. The neural body map helps connect babies to other people: The recognition that another person is ‘like me’ may be one of the baby’s first social insights,” Meltzoff explained.
With development, this “like-me” recognition eventually flowers into feeling empathy for someone else. If you see someone accidentally hit their thumb with a hammer, you rapidly, if perhaps imperceptibly, recoil by moving your hand. This is where a shared neural body map that connects self to other comes into play.
Further research could use the MEG to investigate how infants develop more sophisticated body awareness as they grow older, the paper notes.
“The idea of using brain science to study how and when humans first feel a sense of connectedness with others is important and fascinating,” Meltzoff said. “We can now look under the hood and see what’s happening when a baby watches and connects to others. It’s a touching sight.”
ABOUT THIS NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH ARTICLE
Funding: The research was funded by the National Science Foundation.
Source: Kim Eckart – University of Washington
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to UW Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences.
Original Research: Abstract for “Infant brain responses to felt and observed touch of hands and feet: an MEG study” by Andrew N. Meltzoff, Rey R. Ramírez, Joni N. Saby, Eric Larson, Samu Taulu, and Peter J. Marshall in Developmental Science. Published online January 14 2018 doi:10.1111/desc.12651
CITE THIS NEUROSCIENCENEWS.COM ARTICLE
University of Washington “How Babies’ Brains Process Touch Builds Foundations for Learning.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 18 January 2018.
<http://neurosciencenews.com/touch-learning-babies-8332/>.
<http://neurosciencenews.com/touch-learning-babies-8332/>.
Abstract
Infant brain responses to felt and observed touch of hands and feet: an MEG study
There is growing interest concerning the ways in which the human body, both one’s own and that of others, is represented in the developing human brain. In two experiments with 7-month-old infants, we employed advances in infant magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain imaging to address novel questions concerning body representations in early development. Experiment 1 evaluated the spatiotemporal organization of infants’ brain responses to being touched. A punctate touch to infants’ hands and feet produced significant activation in the hand and foot areas of contralateral primary somatosensory cortex as well as in other parietal and frontal areas. Experiment 2 explored infant brain responses to visually perceiving another person’s hand or foot being touched. Results showed significant activation in early visual regions and also in regions thought to be involved in multisensory body and self–other processing. Furthermore, observed touch of the hand and foot activated the infant’s own primary somatosensory cortex, although less consistently than felt touch. These findings shed light on aspects of early social cognition, including action imitation, which may build, at least in part, on infant neural representations that map equivalences between the bodies of self and other.
“Infant brain responses to felt and observed touch of hands and feet: an MEG study” by Andrew N. Meltzoff, Rey R. Ramírez, Joni N. Saby, Eric Larson, Samu Taulu, and Peter J. Marshall in Developmental Science. Published online January 14 2018 doi:10.1111/desc.12651
Connie’s comments: I massaged my babies during the first year of their life each time before bath. And I still do it now that they are adult when they are sick.
Friends’ Genes May Help Others Stay in School
Summary: Stanford researchers report it’s not just your DNA that influences your educational achievement. The genetics of others in your social circle also influences how far you go in school.
Source: Stanford.
While there’s scientific evidence to suggest that your genes have something to do with how far you’ll go in school, new research by a team from Stanford and elsewhere says the DNA of your classmates also plays a role.
“We examined whether the genes of your peer groups influenced your height, weight or educational attainment. We didn’t find a correlation to height or weight, but did find a small one with how far you go in school,” says Ben Domingue, assistant professor at Stanford Graduate School of Education and first author of the new paper, published online Jan. 9 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The link can be explained by what researchers call social genetic effects, when the health or behavior of one individual is affected by the genes of another. The effect shows up, recent research on mice has found, with roommates, as well.
The genetic influence of schoolmates may manifest itself through traits or characteristics that then influence your behavior, says researchers. Say, for example, that your friend stays up late because of a genetic disposition to burn the midnight oil. That behavior may cause you to stay up late too, impacting your educational attainment, which researchers define as the amount of formal schooling completed.
The association is not deterministic, explains Domingue – meaning you can’t blame your friends’ genes (or your own, for that matter) for that D in chemistry. The effect is also small – roughly one-third of an extra year of schooling.
But the findings do point to important ways in which genetic and social effects are interrelated in their influence on behavior.
“Unlike height, educational attainment is socially contextualized. There is more going on than genetics,” says Kathleen Mullan Harris, senior author and distinguished professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “Our results imply that scientific investigations into either genetic and social effects need to account for the other.”
The research is based on data from 5,500 adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a large, nationally representative National Institutes of Health study directed by Harris at UNC.
Genetic similarities among friends
The research also looked at how similar we are genetically to our friends. Previous research has shown that friends share similar genes (they can be as genetically close as fourth-cousins, a 2014 study found).
This new paper expanded and advanced that research, showing that schoolmates are also more genetically similar to each other than strangers. Domingue says the genetic similarities among schoolmates points to a role for social structure in shaping such genetic similarities.
“It is certainly the case that individuals do a lot of planning around which schools their children will attend,” the researchers say. “One of the side effects of this competition to gain access to certain schools seems to be the grouping of like with like.”
This investigation into the “social genome” has potential implications for both social science and genetics. For social scientists, social genetic effects offer a path for improved understanding of peer effects. For geneticists, this work points to the need for consideration of social context in genetic studies of variables that may be strongly influenced by one’s social setting.
ABOUT THIS NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH ARTICLE
In addition to Domingue and Harris, the paper’s co-authors include Daniel Belsky of the Duke University School of Medicine, Jason Fletcher of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dalton Conley of Princeton University and Jason Boardman of the University of Colorado, Boulder.
Source: Brooke Donald – Stanford
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is adapted from the Stanford news release.
Original Research: Full open access research for “The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health” by Benjamin W. Domingue, Daniel W. Belsky, Jason M. Fletcher, Dalton Conley, Jason D. Boardman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris in PNAS. Published online January 9 2018 doi:10.1073/pnas.1711803115
CITE THIS NEUROSCIENCENEWS.COM ARTICLE
Stanford “Friends’ Genes May Help Others Stay in School.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 18 January 2018.
<http://neurosciencenews.com/friends-genes-school-8333/>.
<http://neurosciencenews.com/friends-genes-school-8333/>.
Abstract
The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Humans tend to form social relationships with others who resemble them. Whether this sorting of like with like arises from historical patterns of migration, meso-level social structures in modern society, or individual-level selection of similar peers remains unsettled. Recent research has evaluated the possibility that unobserved genotypes may play an important role in the creation of homophilous relationships. We extend this work by using data from 5,500 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine genetic similarities among pairs of friends. Although there is some evidence that friends have correlated genotypes, both at the whole-genome level as well as at trait-associated loci (via polygenic scores), further analysis suggests that meso-level forces, such as school assignment, are a principal source of genetic similarity between friends. We also observe apparent social–genetic effects in which polygenic scores of an individual’s friends and schoolmates predict the individual’s own educational attainment. In contrast, an individual’s height is unassociated with the height genetics of peers.
“The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health” by Benjamin W. Domingue, Daniel W. Belsky, Jason M. Fletcher, Dalton Conley, Jason D. Boardman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris in PNAS. Published online January 9 2018 doi:10.1073/pnas.1711803115
Constipation, kidney stones and sedentary
Constipation, kidney stones and sedentary
A 93 yr old had hip replacement 15 years ago and lives alone. She was hospitalized due to a big kidney stones and she refused surgery.
When I saw her, she has constipation for 3 days already. There are 3 medications, one is an antibiotic and aspirin for pain.
So, I warmed up her prune juice and added the following which I got her to drink as I massage her lower back and legs and feet:
- pinch of baking soda
- half a tsp of apple cider vinegar (with Mother) with pinch of turmeric
- prune juice , warmed with pinch of brown sugar
- 6 small slices of blueberries
She was able to defacate – have bowel movement after the massage. I noticed that when she sits on the toilet, she is not leaning forward and the legs are far from the floor. I suggested a stool for her feet and to lean or bend forward for proper angle when using the toilet to do Number 2.
The massage oil is combo of many oils and the massage motion is downward motion on the lower back and on the legs. The feet has to be massage in many different strokes with emphasis on the middle part and the same with the palm/hands.
THE BEST TIPS FOR THE BEST COOKIES
THE BEST TIPS FOR THE BEST COOKIES
- Ooey-gooey: Add 2 cups more flour.
- Crispy with a soft center: Use 1/4 teaspoon baking powder and 1/4 teaspoon baking soda.
- A nice tan: Set the oven higher than 350 degrees (maybe 360). Caramelization, which gives cookies their nice brown tops, occurs above 356 degrees, says the Ted video.
- Chewy: Substitute bread flour for all-purpose flour.
- Just like store-bought: Trade the butter for shortening. Arias notes that this ups the texture but reduces some flavor; her suggestion is to use half butter and half shortening.
- Thick (and less crispy): Freeze the batter for 30 to 60 minutes before baking. This solidifies the butter, which will spread less while baking.
- Cakey: Use more baking soda because, according to Nyberg, it “releases carbon dioxide when heated, which makes cookies puff up.”
- Butterscotch flavored: Use 3/4 cup packed light brown sugar (instead of the same amount of combined granulated sugar and light brown sugar).
- Uniformity: If looks count, add one ounce corn syrup and one ounce granulated sugar.
- More. Just, more: Chilling the dough for at least 24 hours before baking deepens all the flavors, Arias found.
Fentanyl is 75 times stronger than morphine – arrests muscles leading to death
Fentanyl, also known as fentanil, is an opioid which is used as a pain medication and together with other medications for anesthesia.[2] It has a rapid onset and effects generally last less than an hour or two.[2] Fentanyl is available in a number of forms including by injection, as a skin patch, and to be absorbed through the tissues inside the mouth.[2]
Common side effects include nausea, constipation, sleepiness, and confusion.[2] Serious side effects may include a decreased effort to breathe (respiratory depression), serotonin syndrome, low blood pressure, or addiction.[2] Fentanyl works in part by activating μ-opioid receptors.[2] It is about 75 times stronger than morphine for a given amount.[4] Some fentanyl analogues may be as much as 10,000 times stronger than morphine.