Dietary relevance
Short-chain fatty acids are produced when dietary fiber is fermented in the colon.[5]
Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed through the portal vein during lipid digestion,[6] while long-chain fatty acids are packed into chylomicrons and enter lymphatic capillaries, and enter the blood first at the subclavian vein.
Medical relevance
The short-chain fatty acid butyrate is particularly important for colon health because it is the primary energy source for colonic cells and has anti-carcinogenic as well as anti-inflammatory properties[7] that are important for keeping colon cells healthy.[8][9] Butyrate inhibits the growth and proliferation of tumor cell lines in vitro, induces differentiation of tumor cells, producing a phenotype similar to that of the normal mature cell,[10] and induces apoptosis or programmed cell death of human colorectal cancer cells.[11][12] Butyrate inhibits angiogenesis by inactivating Sp1 transcription factor activity and downregulating VEGF gene expression.
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