Two types of people

• Tightly coupled: Only needs to eat less to arrive at required energy level
• Loosely coupled: Needs to eat more to arrive at required energy level

Sun energy and glucose for energy production

Nucleus is energy limited

Mitochondrial DNA crosstalk: 10% changes in mtDNA has a greater effect in epigenetic expression

 

Haplogroup U and H

Male bias mito DNA unique

mtDNA background variation

Human migration and Mitochondrial DNA Variation

Selective mutation by Altitude

Phenotypes of mitochondrial DNA depends on Context

Background and context are both important in mitochondrial DNA mutation

Nucleus normal, Parkinson type mutation , this is an Energetic Disease

Reactive Oxygen Species Toxicity

Nutrition and Stress in Hypoactive Heteroplasmic Species, Learning Disability