Many tumors in young children might be influenced by the environment in utero and months before conception. Some drugs or medications linger in a woman’s body months before conception. During the first trimester, a miscarriage is possible when the embryo or fetus is not completely formed (nervous system and major organs). A study related theContinue reading “Before, during and after pregnancy diet”
Category Archives: cancer
Bladder Cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Bladder Cancer Urothelial bladder cancer is the most common type of urinary tract cancer. In the United States, 76,960 cases and 16,390 deaths were estimated for 2016 (ACS 2016). Most bladder cancer is uroepithelial; less common subtypes are squamous cell and adenocarcinoma (NCI 2012). Early stages of bladder cancer are treated withContinue reading “Bladder Cancer genes”
Melanoma genes
Molecular Profiling of Melanoma Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes. The disease is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women with an estimated 76,380 new cases and 10,130 deaths in 2016 in the U.S. (ACS 2016). Melanoma is treated with a combination of surgery, traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapies,Continue reading “Melanoma genes”
Basal Cell Carcinoma genes
Molecular Profiling of Basal Cell Carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of cancer in the United States. BCC and squamous cell carcinoma are grouped together as non-melanoma skin cancers; BCC makes up about 80% of non-melanoma skin cancers (Kim and Armstrong 2012). Approximately 2.2 million individuals are diagnosed with non-melanoma skinContinue reading “Basal Cell Carcinoma genes”
Glioma cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Glioma Glioma is a set of tumors that occur in glial cells; glial cells surround and support nerve cells (NCI 2013). The most common subtype of glioma is glioblastoma (GBM), and it is also one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Approximately 22,400 gliomas are diagnosed in the U.S. each year;Continue reading “Glioma cancer genes”
Thyroid Cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Thyroid Cancer Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy with an incidence that has steadily increased for the past three decades. Deaths from thyroid cancers alone account for more deaths than all of the other endocrine malignancies combined. In the U.S., 64,300 new cases and 1,980 deaths are estimatedContinue reading “Thyroid Cancer genes”
Gastric Cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Gastric Cancer Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 989,600 new cases and 738,000 deaths in 2008 (Kamangar, Dores, and Anderson 2006; ACS 2011). Gastric cancer incidence varies throughout the world, with Japan and Korea having theContinue reading “Gastric Cancer genes”
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia genes
Molecular Profiling of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood that originates in the hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. It is the most common type of cancer in children (NCI 2012). Together, leukemias represent 26% of cancer diagnoses in children under the age of 20; ALL makes up 78%Continue reading “Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia genes”
Colorectal Cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in the United States, with an estimated 134,490 new cases and 49,190 deaths anticipated in 2016 (ACS 2016). With the advent of more chemotherapy options and with the availability of biologic therapies in the recent past, mortality rates are declining,Continue reading “Colorectal Cancer genes”
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of inherited genetic differences in drug metabolic pathways which can affect individual responses to drugs, both in terms of therapeutic effect as well as adverse effects.[1] The term pharmacogenetics is often used interchangeably with the term pharmacogenomics which also investigates the role of acquired and inherited genetic differences in relation toContinue reading “Pharmacogenetics”
Cure for cancer might accidentally have been found, and it could be malaria
By attaching malaria proteins to cancer cells, tumours could be burrowed into and then destroyed — and it seems to be effective on 90 per cent of types of cancers By Andrew Griffin Scientists may have found a way to revert cancerous cells to healthy tissue AFP/Getty Images Scientists might have accidentally made a huge stepContinue reading “Cure for cancer might accidentally have been found, and it could be malaria”
Breast Cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, accounting for 23% (1.38 million) of the total new cancer cases and 14% (458,400) of the total cancer deaths in 2008 (Jemal et al. 2011; Jemal, Siegel, and Ward 2010). In theContinue reading “Breast Cancer genes”
Lung Cancer genes
Molecular Profiling of Lung Cancer Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in the United States, with an estimated 224,390 new cases and 158,080 deaths anticipated in 2016 (ACS 2016). Classically, treatment decisions have been empiric and based upon histology of the tumor. Platinum based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. However, survivalContinue reading “Lung Cancer genes”
Tumor genes
Gene expression profiling is a technique used in molecular biology to query the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. While almost all cells in an organism contain the entire genome of the organism, only a small subset of those genes is expressed as messenger RNA (mRNA) at any given time, and their relative expression canContinue reading “Tumor genes”