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Start with detox or cleanse when losing extra weight

To lose weight, you start with a detox or a cleanse.

How long do you have to detox or do a liver cleanse? One day or more depending on your own body composition, chemistry and ecology.

An optimally performing digestive system is critical to good health. Cleanse is an herbal and probiotic cleanse that will help detoxify your body and restore your digestive system to a healthy state.
It is essential that our digestive processes are working well in order to successfully lose weight and maintain your optimal weight.

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Herbal Detox:

The human body contains its own unique detoxification system that eliminates waste. This amazing filtration system helps flush toxins out of your body to keep you healthy.

Drink water with lemon or a tsp of apple cider vinegar when you wake up in the morning.

Find probiotics and supplements which contains natural herbs proven to help cleanse and detoxify your body. These herbs include:

Juniper Berry Fruit
Couchgrass Rhizome
Milk Thistle
Buchu Leaf
Uva Ursi Leaf
Hydrangea Root
Cornsilk Husks
Senna Leaf Extract
Cascara Sagandra Bark Extract
Aloe Vera Barbadensis

Probiotic:
Ancient physicians recognized the benefits of fermented foods and sour milk for digestive balance. They may not have understood how probiotics work, but they recognized the benefits to our health. Modern science has shown us that supporting flora balance in the intestines and digestive tract helps ensure long-term wellness, a healthy immune system, and digestion.

Probiotics, or “friendly bacteria” as they are now affectionately known are just that, and new research shows that they could just be your best friend in helping to lose weight. They are micro-organisms indigenous to the intestinal tracts of humans and animals, living in symbiosis with our bodies. These benevolent bacteria make up the majority of the microflora in our intestines, playing a vital role in maintaining digestive health. For the most part, unhealthy gut flora is caused by antibiotics and a diet of processed and junk foods and the habit of eating ‘on the go’ also upsets intestinal homeostasis.

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Essential dietary supplement with anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties

I was introduced to this amazing dietary supplement that I believed and had researched about its anti-aging and anti-inflammatory power. I vow to maintain a healthy weight and share this information to others. These group of special foods and supplements are put in one powder. Hopefully, this is the only supplement that I would need now and in the future as I live the remaining half of my life.

In addition to our dietary supplement, we can find food, herbs and plants as our friend in fighting inflammation inside our body that is brought about by aging, and toxins inside and outside our body.

Chlorella
Chlorella is a powerful detoxification aid for heavy metals and other pesticides. Numerous research projects in the U.S. and Europe indicate chlorella can aid the body in breaking down persistent hydrocarbon and metallic toxins such as mercury, cadmium and lead, DDT and PCB while strengthening the immune system response. In Japan, interest in chlorella has focused largely on its detoxifying properties and its ability to remove or neutralize poisonous substances from the body.

Broccoli sprout
Broccoli sprout extract may reduce inflammation and help protect you from ulcers.

Cranberry powder
Cranberry powder reduces your risk of certain chronic diseases. It may also reduce kidney stones and remove unwanted toxins from the body.

Milk thistle extract
Milk thistle’s use in treating liver ailments dates back to the ancient Greeks. This herb has also been used in Chinese medicine for 2,000 years.

Bacopa extract
Bacopa is considered in Ayurvedic (traditional Indian medicine) medicine to possess adaptogenic, tranquilizing and antioxidant properties. It has been used for centuries to improve memory and learning problems, as well as concentration. Ayurveda uses bacopa as a tonic for the heart and nervous system and as a diuretic, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. In clinical studies, people who consumed Bacopa had a much better ability to retain new information. In one study conducted by the University of Wollongong in Australia, researchers looked at 76 adults between the ages of 40 and 65 years old and found that Bacopa decreased the rate that the adults forgot newly learned information.

Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha has anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hemopoietic and rejuvenating properties. It also appears to be a positive influence on the endocrine, cardiopulmonary and central nervous systems and is an antimicrobial and antioxidant. Ashwagandha is considered an adaptogen, a term used to describe herbs that improve physical energy and athletic ability, increase immunity to colds and infections and increase sexual capacity and fertility.

Green tea extract
Green tea extract has powerful antioxidants called polyphenols (catechins) and flavonols. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most powerful of these antioxidants. Milligram for milligram, EGCG has 25 to 100 times the antioxidant power of vitamins C and E. A cup of green tea has more antioxidants than a serving of broccoli, spinach, carrots or strawberries. Green tea has been shown to lower “bad” LDL cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels.

Wild blueberry powder
Wild blueberries are rich in phytonutrients – antioxidants such as anthocyanin – and anti-inflammatories. These natural substances found in fruits and vegetables are believed to support the immune system and promote healthy aging.

Turmeric extract
Turmeric extract is an anti-inflammatory agent and an antioxidant. It has been used for 4,000 years to treat a variety of conditions. Turmeric contains curcumin, a powerful antioxidant. In addition, curcumin lowers the levels of two enzymes in the body that cause inflammation. It also stops platelets from clumping together to form blood clots.

Red ginseng
Considered the most effective form of ginseng on the market, red ginseng has health-promoting effects on the human body that range from enhancing the mind to stimulating the libido. Red ginseng may be taken to combat weakness and add extra energy to an athletic performance. Ginsenosides, which are found in red ginseng, are also valued for their ability to boost mental efficiency and relieve mental fatigue. Ginsenosides are believed to work as natural adaptogens in the body, meaning that they allow the body to adapt to stress in a natural manner.

Grape seed extract
It is believed the antioxidants in grape seed extract can improve the health of the cardiovascular and gastric systems, eyes, skin and brain. It can also improve your mental alertness and may help prevent senility.

L-arginine, glycine, lysine, tyrosine, ornithine
These essential amino acids are called essential because they are not produced in our bodies and must be obtained from outside food sources. Amino acids are utilized by every cell in the body for a variety of crucial functions.

Yerba mate
Yerba mate is believed to boost immunity, stimulate focus and clarity, increase physical energy, aid elimination and even fight bad breath.

Kudzu
Researchers determined kudzu may help decrease the frequency, duration and intensity of cluster headaches with minimal side effects and may help manage metabolic syndrome, a condition marked by health problems including excess belly fat, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and insulin resistance.

Fennel
Fennel is an excellent super-herb that has been used for centuries for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Fennel was held in high esteem among the ancient Greeks, who used it to enhance longevity, strength and courage. Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found anethole, a chief constituent of fennel, to block both inflammation and carcinogenesis. Fennel is also used in Ayurveda for its disinfectant and antibacterial properties.

Aloe vera powder
Aloe Vera is one of the most studied plants on the planet. It has been proven to be beneficial in many areas of human health. Aloe Vera cleanses and supports the digestive system, infuses you with energy, supports the immune system and so much more. As Aloe Vera is a cellular regenerator and has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects, these properties make aloe vera one of nature’s healthiest products. Being a strong antioxidant, it hunts down free radicals and protects the body.

Aloe polysaccharide concentrate
Aloe concentrate helps to effectively balance and restore proper immune system function. It reduces inflammation, encourages and increases the tissue healing process. Aloe polysaccharides have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-yeast and anti-parasitic properties. Aloe polysaccharide concentrate protects and supports healthy flora in the digestive tract.

Goji berry extract
Goji berry extract is an ancient fruit growing in the wild in the Himalayan regions of Asia.Goji berries have been used for 6,000 years by herbalists in China, Tibet and India to help protect the liver, improve sexual function and fertility, strengthen the legs, boost immune function, improve circulation and promote longevity. Goji berries have long been revered as a universal tonic for their longevity-enhancing effects. Goji berry may support the health of the eyes, skin and cardiovascular system. The latest scientific research suggests goji berry is a potentially potent antioxidant with immune-enhancing properties.

Acai berry powder
Being rich in antioxidants, acai berry powder helps eliminate several types of toxins from the body and protects cells from being destroyed by free radicals. It keeps you fresh and lively and makes your skin glow. Acai berry powder may help reduce cholesterol and fat in the body and improve the immune system, increase energy and improve blood circulation, digestion and mental health.

Noni juice powder
Noni juice contains a variety of powerful antioxidants that can prevent free radicals from damaging cells. They help various body systems such as the immune, circulatory, digestive, metabolic and nervous system. Antioxidants are also very useful in preventing skin aging and skin damage. For centuries it has also been used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and as a digestive aid. It is a great source of vitamin C and some B vitamins and other beneficial minerals, contains all of the essential amino acids and is rich in fiber. It helps lower cholesterol and stabilize triglyceride levels.

Ionic minerals
Ionic minerals should be found in the food we eat, but because of fertilizers and pesticides, we may not get the ionic minerals we need. Here are some of the ionic minerals and their benefits:Zinc helps liver function, boosts the immune system and plays a vital role in synthesizing DNA. Calcium is perhaps the most popular ionic mineral. It helps strengthen bones and teeth to prevent osteoporosis and other conditions. It also aids in blood coagulation to prevent vascular system diseases.

Magnesium aids in strengthening bones, helps the metabolism, helps prevent heart disease and safeguards the immune system.Sodium helps regulate blood pressure for a healthier heart. It also helps transmit nerve impulses and provides the needed acid base balance in the body. Iron is second to calcium in importance to the body. It assists in proper hemoglobin production for adequate oxygen supply to the organs. Iron also helps liver function gives the body needed energy.Phosphorous aids in calcium absorption and helps the heart function at maximum levels.

Fulvic minerals
Fulvic acid minerals are a natural detoxifier, aid in the assimilation of nutrients and oxygen into cells and help remove wastes and toxins from cells. They also help recharge cells’ electrical balance and restore the integrity of cell walls.

Crystalline fructose
Crystalline fructose appears naturally in many fruits, vegetables and honey. It wasn’t until the 1990s that crystalline was added to manufactured foods such as beverages as a flavor enhancer. Adding crystalline fructose gives food better taste and texture. Replacing table sugar with crystalline fructose can reduce 20 to 30 calories from a drink.

Resveratrol

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic acid and a natural component of many fruits and fruit juices. It may inhibit kidney stone formation and break up small stones that are beginning to form.

Ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid has significant antioxidant properties. Ascorbic acid is used in the prevention and cure of scurvy, treatment of the common cold, boosting the immune system. An article published in the “Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine” in 2005 states that vitamin C also acts as a potent stimulator of the immune system and helps in the formation and function of your white blood cells.

D-alpha tocopherol
D-alpha tocopherol, also known as vitamin E, is particularly important for protecting cell membranes as well as keeping skin, heart and circulation, nerves, muscles and red blood cells healthy. Antioxidants such as vitamin E protect your cells against the effects of dangerous free radicals.

One or more members of the vitamin E family may also reduce cellular aging, inhibit the potentially damaging peroxynitrite radical, inhibit melanoma (skin cancer) cell growth, prevent abnormal blood clotting, synergize with vitamin A to protect the lungs against pollutants, protect the nervous system and retina.

Retinyl palmitate
Clinical results have shown vitamin A palmitate increases skin composition to increase collagen , DNA, skin thickness and elasticity. It is essential to vision health.

Pyridoxal 5 phospate
P-5-P is essential for healthy amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter balance, and immune function and is responsible for over 60 enzymatic reactions. P-5-P, is the active or coenzyme form of vitamin B-6. P-5-P contains three natural organic compounds — pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine. Your body requires P-5-P for various functions including muscle growth and repair, neurotransmitter functions and energy matabloism. As a coenzyme, P-5-P also participates in many chemical reactions and catalyzes the conversion of many substances in your body.

Thiamin
Thiamin prevents beriberi and polyneuritis (inflammation of several nerves), promotes growth, prevents oxidation and neutralizes free radicals to help prevent premature aging and senility.

Riboflavin
Riboflavin is a well-absorbed, water-soluble vitamin with key role in maintaining health. It produces energy by assisting in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Riboflavin helps ensure proper growth and development of reproductive organs and body tissues such as skin, connective tissue, eyes, mucous membranes, nervous system and the defense system. It also ensures healthy skin, nail and hair growth.

Cholecalcipherol
Cholecalcipherol, also known as Vitamin D-3, helps maintain the proper balance of calcium and phosphorus to support bone mineralization, thereby promoting strong bones. Vitamin D also helps absorb phosphorous and magnesium and is most effective when cooperating with other vitamins, minerals and hormones to improve bone mineralization. Recent research suggests vitamin D might play an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system and cell formation.

Methylcobalamin
Methylcobalamin can help with sleep problems, vitamin B deficiency disorders and the effects of anemia.

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Please share your nutrition tips and health guide.

Connie Dello Buono, health author and health/finance coach. 408-854-1883  Join me as GYV  (to be launced this Sat in San Jose CA, already used by elite athletes in past 5 yrs) ambassador for sports nutrition for all from 8 to 108 yrs of age.  motherhealth@gmail.com

Calcium Pyrophospahte Deposition Arthropathy, severe joint pain

  • Terminology Chondrocalcinosis – calcification of hyaline (articular) cartilage or fibrocartilage (menisci) or ligaments
      • Usually but not always due to calcium pyrophosphate
        • May also be seen with oxalosis
    • Pseudogout is an older clinical term referring to acute pain (similar to gout) but without response to the usual treatment for gout
    • CPPD – Deposition of crystals in the joint with or without chondrocalcinosis
    • Most common crystalline arthropathy

Prevalence

    • Widespread in older population
    • M:F = 3:2
  • Clinical
    • Intermittent attacks
      • May be mono-articular or polyarticular (more often)
        • Pain
        • Redness
        • Swelling
  • Types
    • Frequently occurs in association with osteoarthritis
    • Aging process with no known etiology
    • In association with metabolic diseases
      • Hyperparathyroidism
      • Hemochromatosis
      • Hypothyroidism
      • Hypomagnesemia
      • Hypophosphatasia
      • Ochronosis
  • Calcium pyrophosphate crystals may be recovered from synovial fluid (most often) or within leukocytes
    • Characteristic weakly positive birefringent diffraction pattern
  • Location
    • Knee
      • Especially meniscus
      • Cartilage of patellofemoral joint
    • Wrist
      • Triangular fibrocartilage in distal radioulnar joint bilaterally
    • Pelvis
      • Sacroiliac joint
      • Symphysis
    • Spine
      • Annulus fibrosis of lumbar intervertebral disk
        • Never in nucleus pulposus as in ochronosis
    • Shoulder
      • Glenoid
      • Hip
        • Labrum
      • Elbow
      • Ankle
      • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Imaging Findings
    • Pyrophosphate arthropathy resembles osteoarthritis
      • Joint space narrowing
      • Extensive subchondral sclerosis
    • Polyarticular chondrocalcinosis (in fibro- and hyaline cartilage)
    • In knee, disproportionate narrowing of patellofemoral joint
      • Large subchondral cysts are a hallmark
      • Numerous intra-articular bodies
        • Fragmentation of subchondral bone
    • In hand, beak-like projections from 2nd, 3rd metacarpal heads
      • Subchondral cysts (esp. carpal bones)
      • Unusual distribution of disease (radiocarpal/ulnar joint, patellofemoral joint)
      • SLAC – scapholunate advanced collapse
        • Caused by laxness of the ligaments and malpositioning of the scaphoid and lunate
        • May develop in 25% with CPPD but also occurs for other reasons
        • Radio-scaphoid, but not radio-lunate, joint is narrowed
        • Usually have a deep concave scaphoid fossa in distal radius in CPPD as opposed to SLAC from trauma

Source: http://www.learningradiology.com/archives2012/COW%20517-CPPD%20arthropathy/cppdcorrect.html

Connie Dello Buono

Connie Dello Buono ; motherhealth@gmail.com

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78 yrs old female, arthritis with severe pain

Yesterday morning at around 6am my 78 yrs old mother could not walk for severe leg pain.  She never take meds except for her anti-hypertensive med in the morning.  So she took one of her doctor’s prescribed anti-arthritis med together with Hydrocodone and immediately she throws up, feeling dizzy and feeling like the world around her is continuously circling in motion she fell to the chair and could not move.

When I arrived at 10am, she still keeps on throwing up and with no energy. As I move her to another bed, I can feel her firm grip.  She said that it feels like her throat is getting narrower and she has no appetite and cannot take in any food. Three hrs later, she tried to get a bite of the boiled egg, rice and apple juice I gave her.  Her blood pressure is fine. I  told her that her heart is ok but all the tissues and joints in her body are inflammed.

In the afternoon she drank the boiled lemon grass, with dark cherry concentrate and brown sugar that I prepared for her.  I got her a homeopathic arthritis cream and Badger menthol rub to rub on her feet and legs.  Before going to bed she took the Zyflamend softgel (anti-inflammatory containing 10 herbs such as ginger and turmeric) that I bought that day. In the morning I gave her the Ultra Oil cap which she took with a banana. She had oatmeal and one egg that morning.

I left her at her place after walking with her in her garden.  She now feels no pain and is moving about.

I told her to listen to her body telling her to rest more and not move a lot helping other caregivers in the carehome where she stays.

She said that it feels like her body is drying up and that is so weak that she will soon leave for Australia to retire with my sister.

Connie Dello Buono ; motherhealth@gmail.com

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Women’s Natural Health Remedies

By Laurel Vukovic
Many women are plagued by the same nagging problems for much of their lives. Here are 67 drug-free, non-invasive treatments for PMS, cramps, varicose veins, and more.
For years, most medical researchers have excluded women from their studies, considering the female hormonal cycles to be an inconvenience, even an anomaly. For example, Jean Hamilton, professor of psychology in women’s studies at Duke University, reports that until recently pharmaceutical companies did not take the menstrual cycle into account in their testing of drugs.
Only in 1993 did Congress pass the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act, requiring inclusion of women in clinical research. Perhaps it’s not surprising, then, that conventional medicine still regularly treats many women’s health problems ineffectively, even harmfully. Indeed, natural changes such as those accompanying menstruation menopause are often viewed by conventionally-trained physicians as illnesses.
Meanwhile, many women, finding that medical science has little to offer them when it fights or ignores their hormonal cycles, prefer to use natural methods to treat minor, common problems on their own. Among these approaches are diet and exercise, nutritional supplements, herbs, homeopathy, and aromatherapy.
But natural health care means more than avoiding conventional medicine. “Our bodies tell us what they need,” says Rosemary Gladstar, herbalist and author of Herbal Healing for Women (Simon & Schuster, 1993).
“Our job is to listen.” Women can learn to distinguish between major and minor problems, to know when to consult a medical doctor, and to recognize the natural changes that go along with the cycles of menstruation and the process of aging. Women can also learn which natural remedies work best—and to treat the problem rather than the symptom.
“Oftentimes, problems treated with drugs reappear soon after the effects of the drugs wear off,” says Gladstar. And drugs can cause new problems, says Shari Lieberman, coauthor of The Real Vitamin Book (Avery, 1990): “You’re better off treating infections naturally as much as possible, saving drugs for situations that get out of control.”
Cultivating patience is also part of the process. “Natural remedies may take longer to produce results,” says Gladstar, “but once you correct the underlying imbalance, you prevent a cycle of recurrence.”
Here, leading holistic practitioners—an herbalist, a naturopath, a homeopath, an acupuncturist, and an aromatherapist—advise women on natural self-treatment for six common conditions. Design your self-care program by choosing from among their suggestions. If a condition persists or worsens, consult your health practitioner.
Premenstrual Syndrome
Some 85 to 95 percent of women suffer from a combination of the physical, mental, and emotional symptoms defined as PMS. Among the symptoms occurring before or during menstruation are water retention, fatigue, headaches, depression, irritability, joint pain, lack of coordination, muscle aches, intestinal upsets, breast swelling, and food cravings. These problems are caused by cyclic variations in the levels of estrogen and progesterone. Some PMS symptoms are normal responses to major hormonal shifts, but drastic or incapacitating symptoms indicate a serious disruption in the balance of estrogen and progesterone in the body, says Gladstar. This balance is influenced not only by how much of each hormone your body produces, but also by how effectively your liver, intestines, and kidneys dispose of them.
“Because both physical and emotional factors affect hormonal regulation,” Gladstar adds, “attention must be paid to diet, exercise, and emotional issues.”
Conventional practitioners prescribe a variety of medications for PMS, including prostaglandin inhibitors, tranquilizers and antidepressants, diuretics, and hormones, whose long-term effects are unknown. But more gentle treatments often work just as well, with fewer side effects.
Diet
Dietary changes alone will often relieve moderate PMS symptoms. Most holistic practitioners recommend a diet based on foods high in complex carbohydrates and low in fat, along with reducing intake of salt, sugar, and alcohol, all of which cause water retention, a major factor in PMS discomfort. To eliminate excess fluids, drink six to eight glasses of water daily and eat foods that are natural diuretics, such as watermelon, asparagus, and parsley. Avoid all sources of caffeine—even small amounts have been shown to trigger PMS symptoms.
Cravings for chocolate and sweets prior to menstruation are related to changes in blood-sugar levels, which fluctuate with hormonal changes. Eating smaller meals more frequently will help to stabilize blood-sugar levels, as will eating complex carbohydrates and low-fat proteins. Because cocoa is rich in magnesium, a strong craving for chocolate may indicate a deficiency of magnesium.
Tori Hudson, naturopathic physician and professor of gynecology at National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland, Oregon, recommends a high fiber diet. Also beneficial, says Hudson, are fish high in omega-3 oils, such as salmon, tuna, herring, and sardines, because they promote anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, thereby reducing PMS symptoms.
Supplements
“There are no magic bullets for treating PMS,” warns Shari Lieberman. She recommends a good all-around supplement that includes B-complex (especially B6) vitamins, calcium and magnesium, and vitamin E.
GLA (gamma linoleic acid) supplements have been shown to have a positive effect on PMS, says Gladstar. She recommends 500 mg twice a day of evening primrose oil, borage, or black currant seed oil. Do not take GLA supplements during menstruation because they may increase bleeding.
Herbs
A number of herbs can act as safe, natural diuretics, thereby reducing water retention. Gladstar suggests drinking two to three cups a day of dandelion leaf or nettles tea. To make a diuretic tea, pour one cup of boiling water over two teaspoons of dried dandelion leaf or nettles. Let steep, covered, for ten minutes.
For centuries, Chinese women have used the herb dong quai as a tonic. Dong quai helps to normalize the body’s production of estrogen. Gladstar suggests ore-half to one teaspoon of the tincture, or two capsules of powdered dong quai, three times a day. Dong quai can stimulate bleeding, so it should not be taken during menstruation.
The Chinese patent medicine Hsiao Yao Wan (sometimes spelled Xiao Yao Wan) is another excellent choice, says Lesley Tierra, acupuncturist and author of The Herbs of Life (Crossing Press, 1992), because it contains bupleurum, one of the best herbs for regulating the liver chi (energy), which is implicated in PMS. As with many herbal remedies, results can take several months to appear. Tierra recommends continuing the herbal remedy for several months after the problem is resolved. For all Chinese patent medicines, she advises following the dosage prescriptions on the package.

Homeopathy Basics
Naturopathic physician Judith Reichenberg-Ullman suggests buying homeopathic remedies labeled as 30c potency. Choose the remedy with the description that most closely matches your symptoms, and take two doses of the remedy (following the instructions on the bottle). If you do not respond, then it’s not the right remedy. Try another remedy or consult a practitioner
Homeopathy
Judith Reichenberg-Ullman, a naturopathic physician and president of the International Foundation for Homeopathy, has seen homeopathy’s dramatic effect on the emotional as well as the physical symptoms associated with PMS. Because a woman’s symptoms are so individual, she believes self-treatment with the PMS formulas available in natural foods stores is a “hit-or-miss proposition,” and she suggests consultation with a practitioner.
Aromatherapy
PMS calls for a combination of effective essential oils_equal parts of chamomile, lavender, and clary sage (helpful for depression; has estrogenic properties), along with neroli for its sedative effects and geranium, which is one of the best hormonal normalizers , says Mindy Green, aromatherapist and co-author of Aromatherapy: The Fragrant Art of Healing (Crossing Press, forthcoming, Spring 1995). For water retention, she suggests combining equal parts of grapefruit, which is cleansing, juniper, which has diuretic properties, and carrot seed, which helps normalize liver function. Alternate the two essential oil blends (one in the morning, one in the evening.)
Other Treatments
Naturopath Hudson advises women to take a break from their routines and to indulge in their favorite relaxing activities.
Along the same lines, Lieberman recommends daily aerobic exercise to burn up such stress-related hormones as adrenaline and to stimulate the flow of endorphins, chemicals produced by the body that alleviate depression and create a feeling of well-being. Lieberman finds that women who suffer from PMS generally have difficulty coping with emotional stress. Meditation, yoga, and massage are a few ways to handle that stress.
Menstrual Cramps
Up to 80% of women experience some degree of discomfort during menstruation. Menstrual cramps, which may be accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, backaches, and headaches, are the most common symptoms. Cramps occur when prostaglandin-induced contractions of the uterus temporarily cut off the uterine blood supply. (Prostaglandin is a hormone like chemical that regulates uterus contractions and can cause the uterus to contract too actively.) Aspirin and other aspirin-like over-the-counter medications often prescribed for cramps inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins and suppress the pain, but side effects can include increased menstrual bleeding. And the cause of the problem goes untreated.
Cramps that are related to other health problems, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids, should not be treated at home. Symptoms of these conditions include heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular menstruation, and feelings of pressure or pain in the pelvis. If you are experiencing these problems, consult a health practitioner immediately.
Dietary Suggestions
“Menstrual cramps that occur every month may indicate low levels of blood calcium,” says Gladstar. At least ten days before menstruation begins, she recommends increasing high-calcium foods in the diet, such as dark leafy greens, sesame seeds, seaweeds, and watercress. A diet rich in calcium also relaxes the central nervous system.
Hudson advises avoiding polyunsaturated oils—safflower, soybean, and most vegetable oils—because they can stimulate the production of prostaglandins. Instead use olive and canola oils, which are monounsaturated.
Supplements
Lieberman says that since calcium and magnesium work together to regulate muscle contractions and the conduction of nerve impulses, a daily supplement containing 1,000 mg of calcium and 500 mg of magnesium helps women with cramps. Lactoovo vegetarians and heavy dairy eaters should skip the calcium, since their diets are already high in calcium. (Additional calcium could interfere with magnesium balance.)
Herbs
“Nothing works better for menstrual cramps than herbs,” says Gladstar. For occasional cramps, she recommends warm ginger tea for its antispasmodic properties. Grate two to three teaspoons of fresh ginger root and simmer in two cups of water for several minutes. Add lemon and honey to taste. Drink as much as desired.
For acute cramps, Gladstar suggests combining equal parts of ginger, valerian, and cramp bark tinctures, to be taken in half-teaspoon doses every twenty minutes until the symptoms subside.
Acupuncturist Tierra recommends a Chinese remedy called Women’s Precious Pills to balance hormones and relieve menstrual cramps. Follow package directions for dosage.
Homeopathy
Judith Reichenberg-Ullman recommends Colocynthis (bitter cucumber) for cramps that make a woman want to double over or pull her knees into her chest; Veratrum album (white hellebore) for violent cramps that may be accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, or chills; Magnesia phosphorica (magnesium phosphate) for cramps that improve with application of heat and pressure on the abdomen; Kali carbonicum (potassium carbonate) for intense menstrual cramping as well as lower back pain; and Belladonna (deadly nightshade) for excessive bleeding and a sensation of heat in the abdomen.
Aromatherapy
A couple of days before menstruation begins, Green suggests massaging the following combination of essential oils into the abdomen once or twice a day, as well as using them in the bath. Blend together equal parts of chamomile, an anti-inflammatory; clary sage, which relieves depression; lavender, a relaxing herb; and the antispasmodic tarragon and marjoram.
Other Therapies
Increasing blood flow to the abdominal area often relieves menstrual cramps. Gladstar recommends using a hot ginger poultice on the abdomen to achieve this effect. Make a strong ginger tea or add a half teaspoon of ginger essential oil to a quart of hot water. Dip a towel in the water and wring it out, lay it over the abdomen, and place a hot water bottle over the ginger towel to retain the heat. Relax for fifteen minutes.
Locally applied heat generally relieves menstrual cramps, but some women prefer cold, says Hudson. She suggests first trying heat and then switching to cold if that doesn’t work. She also recommends placing an ice pack on the abdomen while soaking the feet in hot water.
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections are usually caused by intestinal bacteria that have made their way up the urethra and into the bladder. These infections seldom disappear on their own. Symptoms include frequent, painful, or burning urination and back pain. A more severe infection may be accompanied by blood in the urine and fever.
The conventional medical treatment for urinary tract infections almost always includes antibiotics, which eliminate not only the problem-causing bacteria, but also the beneficial flora, resulting in digestive disturbances and yeast infections. If you’re not running a fever, try natural methods, says Hudson. She recommends seeing a health practitioner if self-treatment produces no improvement within five days, if symptoms worsen, or if a fever develops.
Dietary Recommendations
At the very first sign of a bladder infection, drink large amounts of purified water to flush bacteria out of the bladder. Recent research has verified the effectiveness of cranberry juice in both the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. Gladstar suggests drinking a quart or more of cranberry juice every day until symptoms subside. Avoid cranberry juice sweetened with sugar or other concentrated sweeteners because sugar feeds the bacteria. To eliminate the problem of sweeteners in juice, Reichenberg Ullman suggests taking three cranberry capsules three times a day.
How to Use Essential Oils
Essential oils, which are distilled from medicinal and aromatic plants, have long been valued for their effects on the body and mind, which range from relaxation to stimulation. Mindy Green, coauthor of Aromatherapy: The Fragrant Art of Healing (Crossing Press, forthcoming, Spring 1995), recommends combining essential oils because of their synergy.
Because they are extremely concentrated, most oils should not be directly applied to the skin. Instead, dilute them in carrier oil, such as pure vegetable oil, preferably almond, grape seed, or jojoba oil, which is actually a liquid wax. “It’s easily absorbed and never goes rancid,” says Green. Add a maximum of fifteen drops of essential oil combination to one ounce of carrier oil. You can use this as a massage oil or to treat a specific problem area.
To use essential oils in the bath, add ten drops of the recommended blend to a tub of warm water. Swirl the essential oils through the water with your hand before getting into the tub.
Supplements
Increase your vitamin C intake to 500 mg every couple of hours to create a more acidic environment in the bladder and urinary tract, which will discourage bacterial growth, recommends Hudson. If you have diarrhea when taking that much vitamin C, cut back on the amount until you no longer have loose stools, and you’ll know that you’ve reached your tolerance level.
She also suggests taking one gram per day of bioflavonoids, 25,000 IU of vitamin A, and 30 mg of zinc to combat the infection.
Herbs
“Drinking teas of mucilaginous herbs such as marshmallow root will soothe a mild inflammation,” Gladstar says. To fight infection, Gladstar recommends echinacea and Oregon grape root or goldenseal, two capsules three times a day, or a half-teaspoon of the tincture every hour in acute cases.
For a more severe infection, Hudson suggests combining equal parts of pipsis sewa, buchu, echinacea, and uva ursi tinctures. Take 20 drops every two hours for the first two days and then one teaspoon four times a day until the infection clears. Drink a demulcent tea such as marshmallow root at the same time to counter the strong antiseptic effect of uva ursi.
Homeopathy
Reichenberg-Ullman, who finds that treating urinary tract infections with homeopathy is most effective when combined with herbs, suggests Cantharis (Spanish fly) for a sudden, violent infection accompanied by blood in the urine. Sarsaparilla is for burning pain in the urethra at the close of urination. Staphysagria (Stavesacre) is for “honeymoon cystitis,” a bladder infection that comes on after intercourse. Apis (honeybee) helps when there is a lot of stinging, burning, and swelling.
Aromatherapy
In the first few days of symptoms, use aromatherapy treatments three times daily, Green suggests. She recommends combining equal parts of sandalwood, which has been used for centuries in India for genitourinary
problems, bergamot, tea tree, frankincense, and juniper. Add the essential oil to a massage oil and rub over the bladder area. Also use it in baths. Continue for four to five days after the symptoms subside.
Other Treatments
To prevent urinary tract infections, Hudson suggests urinating after sexual intercourse to flush out the troublemaking organisms. “The urethra is mildly traumatized after intercourse, which makes it easier for the bacteria to gain entrance and make their way up into the bladder,” she explains.
Hudson recommends that women who get cystitis after intercourse wash the vaginal area before and after sex with goldenseal tea. Pour one cup of boiling water over one teaspoon of powdered goldenseal. Cover, let steep until cool, and strain before using.
Fibrocystic Breasts (Lumpy Breast Tissue)
Up to 70 percent of women have fibrocystic breasts—tender, swollen breasts and breast lumps that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. Until a few years ago, the condition was considered a disease, and conventional medicine often still treats it as such: prescribing diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and synthetic male hormones, which can cause weight gain, unwanted hair growth, and reduction in breast size.
The cause of fibrocystic breasts is unknown, but excess estrogen, which can lead to fibrocystic changes, may play a role. Alternative health practitioners focus on natural methods of regulating estrogen. Although it’s estimated that 85 percent of breast lumps are not cancerous, all breast irregularities should be evaluated by a practitioner before attempting self-treatment.
Dietary Suggestions
Most alternative and many conventional health practitioners recommend that women with fibrocystic breasts eat a low-fat diet (fat content below 20 percent) and avoid caffeine. High fat intake helps stimulate estrogen overproduction. According to Hudson, a strict vegan diet, which eliminates all animal products, is most beneficial. If you choose to eat meat and poultry, Rosemary Gladstar recommends looking for sources raised without synthetic hormones, which are believed to exacerbate estrogen-related problems. Also, large amounts of whole grains and vegetables help eliminate excess estrogen.
Women with fibrocystic breasts should avoid all methylxanthine, a chemical found in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola, and even decaffeinated coffee. A number of research studies have proved that breast lumps, swelling, and pain are reduced when methylxanthines are eliminated from the diet.
Supplements
Lieberman recommends between 400 and 1,200 IU of vitamin E daily. As an antioxidant, vitamin E may help protect the breasts against excess estrogen, which can act as any other toxin. Vitamin E also has anti-inflammatory and hormone-regulating effects. Most people can start with a low dosage and gradually increase to the full amount. Because large amounts of vitamin E may cause a rise in blood pressure, anyone with hypertension should check with her health practitioner before taking supplemental vitamin E.
Herbs
Lumpy, sore breasts may be a sign that estrogen is not being processed smoothly by the liver, says herbalist Gladstar. She recommends combining herbs that stimulate liver function, such as yellow dock, burdock, and dandelion root, with herbs that help to regulate the hormones, such as vitex, which stimulates progesterone, and dong quai, which helps normalize estrogen production. Gladstar has found the following herbal tea blend effective: Combine one part yellow dock root, three parts dandelion root, two parts burdock root, one part ginger root, one part licorice root, one part vitex, four parts pau d’arco. Use four to six tablespoons of the herb mixture per quart of water. Add the herbs to cold water and simmer, covered, over low heat for twenty minutes. Remove from heat and let stand twenty minutes. Drink three to four cups a day.
Homeopathy
“This is generally a chronic problem, and it’s fruitless to self-treat most chronic conditions homeopathically,” says Reichenberg-Ullman. “I would suggest instead that a woman use herbs or other methods of self-treatment.”
Aromatherapy
Green explains that a number of essential oils have estrogenic properties, and can therefore aggravate fibrocystic breasts. However, essential oils that stimulate liver function play an important role in hormonal balance. Green recommends combining equal parts of carrot seed oil, rosemary, celery seed, helichrysum, and rose, and stirring this mixture into the bath at night.
Other Treatments
Gladstar recommends alternating hot and cold compresses and applying a clay poultice, which is left on overnight to stimulate circulation in the breasts. To make a clay poultice: Mix clay (Gladstar favors green clay, available at natural foods stores) with water to make a thick paste. Smooth the clay over your breasts, wind plastic wrap around your body to keep the clay from staining your bedclothes, and rinse it off in the morning.
Gladstar also suggests gentle massage, another way to improve circulation. Many alternative practitioners believe stimulating circulation facilitates the flow of nutrients and the elimination of waste products.
Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are more than a cosmetic nuisance—the enlarged, gnarly, bluish veins are often painful and can cause leg cramps, fatigue, and ankle swelling.
Varicose veins develop when the veins in the legs are unable to return blood efficiently to the heart. The movement of blood is dependent upon muscle contraction that occurs during physical activity.
Conventional medical treatment for varicose veins involves surgical removal of the offending veins or the injection of a chemical into the veins that causes them to collapse. Both treatments are expensive and carry the risks of scarring and infection. And new varicose veins can appear if the underlying cause is not addressed. Alternative approaches focus on prevention and treatments that stimulate circulation and restore tone to the venous system.
Dietary Suggestions
Insufficient fiber causes straining during bowel movements, increasing pressure in the lower extremities and contributing to a breakdown of the veins. Hudson recommends a high-fiber diet along with a supplemental fiber product, such as psyllium.
“Drink plenty of water with fiber supplements or you can create constipation,” she cautions. “Most products advise adding one to three teaspoons to a glass of liquid. I recommend following that with another glass of water.”
Herbalist Gladstar suggests frequent consumption of foods high in vitamin C and bioflavonoids, which reinforce the capillaries and help them heal. Citrus fruits eaten with the white inner rind are an especially rich source of both.
According to Lieberman, it’s also a good idea to eat large quantities of dark red berries, such as cherries, blackberries, black currants, and grapes, because they contain plant compounds that restore the veins and capillaries. People with varicose veins tend to build up a substance called fibrin, which is deposited in the tissue near the affected veins. Lieberman recommends garlic, onions, cayenne pepper, and bromelain (an enzyme found in fresh pineapple and also available in supplement form), which help to break down fibrin and keep the blood thinned and moving.
Supplements
For strengthening the venous system, Hudson recommends supplementing the diet with 1,000 to 3,000 mg of vitamin C and at least 1,000 mg of bioflavonoids daily.
Herbs
An extract of horse chestnut has been used successfully in Europe to treat varicose veins. Apply a topical preparation to the affected area. Do not take horse chestnut internally unless under the supervision of a professional because it can be toxic.
Homeopathy
Reichenberg-Ullman recommends Hamamelis (witch hazel) for swelling, inflammation, or a bruised or sore feeling in the veins.
Aromatherapy
Green suggests making the following essential oil blend: five drops of cypress, two drops of lemon, three drops of yarrow, three drops of frankincense, and two drops of rosemary.
Place fifteen drops of the essential oil blend into one ounce of calendula or St. John’s wort oil. Massage this combination gently onto varicose veins two to three times a day.
Other Treatments
Though exercise is beneficial because it increases circulation, high-impact activity, such as jogging, can cause more problems, says Gladstar. Non-stressful activities like walking are best.
Whenever possible, elevate the legs to avoid pressure on the veins and capillaries. Gladstar suggests keeping a stool at work to prop up the feet, and sleeping with feet slightly elevated. In the morning and evening, massage the legs gently with a cotton towel soaked in cold witch hazel, which has gentle astringent properties. Rub gently toward the heart.
To stimulate circulation, Hudson suggests an alternating leg bath. To prepare the bath: Have two buckets of water ready, one filled with cold water and the other with hot. Place legs into the bucket of hot water for three minutes, then go directly to the cold bucket for one minute. The water should be as hot and as cold as can be tolerated. Alternate back and forth between the buckets three to six times. Diabetics should not use this treatment.
Vaginal Yeast Infection
Vaginal yeast infections, medically known as candida or monilia, are characterized by irritation, itching, and a thick white discharge that may smell like baking yeast. Antibiotic treatment—such as is often prescribed for urinary tract infections—may precipitate a yeast infection by eradicating the beneficial bacteria that keep yeast under control.
Conventional medical treatment focuses on eliminating the yeast with antifungal drugs, but does not address the underlying imbalance. Consequently, a woman can easily find herself stuck in a cycle of yeast infections.
“Natural treatments restore the proper acid-alkaline environment of the vagina and promote a healthy balance of flora,”
Recurring yeast infections should be evaluated by a practitioner to determine if another type of infection chomoniasis, is present or if they are a sign of a systemic disease like diabetes.
Diet
If you suffer from chronic yeast infections, says Lieberman, evaluate your diet. Avoid foods that contain molds or yeasts and aged or fermented foods, such as yeasted breads, aged cheeses, vinegar, and beer.
Hudson recommends eating a couple of cloves of raw garlic and a cup of yogurt containing active Lactobacillus acidophilus culture every day. Garlic has potent antifungal properties and the lactobacillus culture reintroduces beneficial bacteria.
Supplements
Hudson also suggests taking the following nutritional supplements daily to boost the immune system: 25,000 IU of vitamin A, 2,000 mg of vitamin C twice a day, 400 IU of vitamin E, and 15 mg of zinc.
Lieberman suggests three capsules of grapefruit seed extract, which has antifungal properties, taken every day at bedtime (available at natural foods stores). Do not mix with any other supplements or foods. She also recommends one to two teaspoons of powdered acidophilus supplements (or the equivalent amount in capsules) per day to help replenish beneficial flora.
Herbs
Gladstar recommends herbal capsules containing equal parts of powdered goldenseal, myrrh, and slippery elm to fight vaginal yeast infections. Mix the powdered herbs together and place the mixture into gelatin capsules (available at natural foods stores). For acute infections, take two capsules every three to four hours.
Homeopathy
Reichenberg-Ullman recommends Kreosotum (creosote) for yeast infections with burning, discharge, and violent itching; Caladium for vaginal infections with itching; Mercurius (mercury) for infections accompanied by rawness and soreness; Apis (honeybee) for redness, swelling, and soreness; and Berberis aquifolium (mountain grape) for vaginal infections that occur simultaneously with urinary infections.
Aromatherapy
Green suggests: Add three drops of bergamot, five drops of geranium, five drops of tea tree, and two drops of myrrh to one ounce of carrier oil, preferably calendula oil because of its antimicrobial properties. Immediately prior to use, add five drops of this mixture to a pint of water or yarrow tea and douche. Repeat two to three times a day until the symptoms are relieved.
A strong yarrow herbal tea for the douche is better than water because it is astringent and benefits the entire genitourinary tract. To make yarrow tea: Add one ounce of yarrow to one quart of boiling water and let steep for fifteen minutes. To alleviate itching, douche with the water or tea temperature as warm as possible.
Other Treatments
Hudson believes that the best treatment for vaginal yeast infections is boric acid suppositories. Fill gelatin capsules with boric acid (available at pharmacies). Insert one capsule vaginally in the morning and another in the evening for three to seven days if treating a mild infection, and for up to two weeks for a more severe infection. The boric acid suppositories can be continued for up to a month in the case of a very severe infection, but Hudson generally finds this treatment is effective within three to seven days.
Reichenberg-Ullman alternates boric acid suppositories with acidophilus suppositories, using a capsule of boric acid in the morning and a capsule of acidophilus at night in order to change the pH balance and replenish the healthy flora.
Laurel Vukovic is a frequent contributor to Natural Health, specializing in women’s health.
Reprinted with permission from Natural Health, July/August 1994. For a trial issue of Natural Health, call 1-800-526-8440.

———————————–

Bayarea Financial wellness seminar, on-going, contact Connie 408-854-1883 , motherhealth@gmail.com ; now hiring part time financial consultants

Caffeine can harm your body

Caffeine and Your Body

Caffeine occurs naturally in more than 60 plants including coffee beans, tea leaves, kola nuts used to flavor soft drink colas, and cacao pods used to make chocolate products. Man-made caffeine is sometimes added to foods, drinks, and medicines. Ninety percent of people in the world use caffeine in one form or another. In the U.S., 80 percent of adults consume caffeine every day – the average adult has an intake of 200 mg per day, the amount in two 5-ounce cups
of coffee or four sodas.

A study of 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students in Ohio found
that students took in an average of 53 mg of caffeine per day, but almost one in five students took in more than 100mg of caffeine each day.
Whether caffeine is consumed in food or as a medicine, it changes the way your brain and body work and changes how you behave and feel. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. Your central nervous system includes your brain, spinal cord, and the other nerves in your body. Caffeine’s main effect on your body is to make you feel more awake and alert for a while, but it can also cause problems.
It can:
• Make you jittery and shaky
• Make it hard to fall asleep, stay asleep,

or get a good night’s sleep

• Make your heart beat faster
• Cause an uneven heart rhythm
• Raise your blood pressure
• Cause headaches, nervousness,

and/or dizziness

Did You Know?
Caffeine doesn’t make a drunk
person sober or fit to drive – it
DOES NOT get rid of the effects
of alcohol.
• Make you dehydrated (dried out) especially after a workout
• Make you dependent on it so you need to take more of it
The FDA says that caffeine is both a drug and a food additive. Caffeine is used in both prescription and over-the-counter medicines to treat tiredness or drowsiness and to improve the effect of some pain relievers. People with heart problems shouldn’t use caffeine because it makes their hearts work too hard, and people with anxiety problems or panic attacks may find that caffeine makes them feel
worse.
After drinking caffeine, it usually reaches its peak level in your blood within one hour and stays there for four to six hours. Caffeine increases the release of acid in your stomach, sometimes leading to an upset stomach or “heartburn.” Caffeine is a diuretic, meaning it makes your body lose more water. So, drinks that contain
caffeine aren’t good for quenching your thirst. Whether you drink sodas or coffee with caffeine or use medicines with caffeine, take care to drink extra water when you are working out or in the heat so your body doesn’t get dehydrated (dried out). Most experts feel that using small amounts of caffeine during pregnancy is safe, but larger amounts of caffeine can be harmful during pregnancy. Women who are pregnant or planning to get pregnant should speak with their doctor
about using caffeine. (Organization of Teratology Information Specialists.
Caffeine and Pregnancy. December 2006.)
When people use caffeine every day, their bodies get used to it, and they don’t get the “good effects” of feeling more awake and able
to concentrate unless they use more of it.
This is called “tolerance.” Some studies show that caffeine causes a physical dependence or addiction. If a person gets withdrawal symptoms when they suddenly stop using caffeine, then the person has a physical dependence on caffeine.
Withdrawal symptoms don’t feel good and can include: severe headaches,
muscle aches, temporary feelings of depression, and irritability. When people
experience these symptoms, they often just take in more caffeine to make them
go away. This cycle is hard to break.

Did You Know?
Experts agree that four to seven cups of coffee or more each day
is too much.
Studies suggest that moderate amounts of caffeine are not harmful. How much is
moderate? One hundred to 200 mg (one to two 5-ounce cups of coffee) each day
is the limit that some doctors suggest, but each person is a little different. How
caffeine affects people varies with their size, their sex, and how sensitive they
are to caffeine’s effects. Experts agree that 600 mg (four to seven cups of coffee)
of caffeine or more each day is too much.
Caffeine overdose is dangerous and can kill you. FDA knows of a 19 year old
college student who died after taking an overdose of caffeine tablets to stay
awake. A caffeine tablet contains as much caffeine as one to three 5-ounce cups
of coffee.
Be informed. Learn how much caffeine is in your foods and drinks. Check the
Caffeine Content Table to see how much caffeine you take in each day. If you’re
taking in too much caffeine, you may want to cut back. This isn’t easy – reduce
your caffeine slowly to make withdrawal symptoms (like bad headaches, and
feeling tired, and depressed) as mild as possible.
Caffeine Content in Common Drinks and Foods
(University of Washington)
Item Item size Caffeine (mg)
Coffee 150 ml (5 oz) 60-150

Coffee, decaf 150 ml (5 oz) 2-5
Tea 150 ml (5 oz) 40-80
Hot Cocoa 150 ml (5 oz) 1-8
Chocolate Milk 225 ml 2-7
Jolt Cola 12 oz 100
Josta 12 oz 58
Mountain Dew 12 oz 55
Surge 12 oz 51
Diet Coca Cola 12 oz 45
Coca Cola 12 oz 64
Coca Cola Classic 12 oz 23
Dr. Pepper 12 oz 61
Mello Yellow 12 oz 35
Mr. Pibb 12 oz 27
Pepsi Cola 12 oz 43
7-Up 12 oz 0
Mug Root Beer 12 oz 0
Sprite 12 oz 0
Ben & Jerry’s No Fat Coffee Fudge Frozen Yogur 1 cup 85
Starbucks Coffee Ice Cream 1 cup 40-60
Dannon Coffee Yogurt 8 oz. 45
100 Grand Bar 1 bar (43 g) 11.2
Krackel Bar 1 bar (47 g) 8.5
Peanut Butter Cup 1 pk (51 g) 5.6
Kit Kat Bar 1 bar (46 g) 5
Raisinets 10 pieces (10 g) 2.5
Butterfinger Bar 1 bar (61 g) 2.4
Baby Ruth Bar 1 bar (60 g) 2.4
Special Dark Chocolate Bar 1 bar (41 g) 31
Chocolate Brownie 1.25 oz 8
Chocolate Chip Cookie 30 g 3-5
Chocolate Ice Cream 50 g 2-5
Milk Chocolate 1 oz 1-15
Bittersweet Chocolate 1 oz 5-35
Originally Published: Fall 2007

from FDA webs site –

Caffeine and Your Body

Caffeine occurs naturally in more than 60 plants including coffee beans, tea
leaves, kola nuts used to flavor soft drink colas, and cacao pods used to make
chocolate products. Man-made caffeine is sometimes added to foods, drinks, and
medicines. Ninety percent of people in the world use caffeine in one form or
another. In the U.S., 80 percent of adults consume caffeine every day – the
average adult has an intake of 200 mg per day, the amount in two 5-ounce cups
of coffee or four sodas. A study of 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students in Ohio found
that students took in an average of 53 mg of caffeine per day, but almost one in
five students took in more than 100mg of caffeine each day.
Whether caffeine is consumed in food or as a medicine, it changes the way your
brain and body work and changes how you behave and feel. Caffeine is a central
nervous system stimulant. Your central nervous system includes your brain,
spinal cord, and the other nerves in your body. Caffeine’s main effect on your
body is to make you feel more awake and alert for a while, but it can also cause
problems.
It can:
•     Make you jittery and shaky
•     Make it hard to fall asleep, stay asleep,

or get a good night’s sleep

•     Make your heart beat faster
•     Cause an uneven heart rhythm
•     Raise your blood pressure
•     Cause headaches, nervousness,

and/or dizziness

Did You Know?
Caffeine doesn’t make a drunk
person sober or fit to drive – it
DOES NOT get rid of the effects
of alcohol.
•     Make you dehydrated (dried out) especially after a workout
•     Make you dependent on it so you need to take more of it
The FDA says that caffeine is both a drug and a food additive. Caffeine is used in
both prescription and over-the-counter medicines to treat tiredness or drowsiness
and to improve the effect of some pain relievers. People with heart problems
shouldn’t use caffeine because it makes their hearts work too hard, and people
with anxiety problems or panic attacks may find that caffeine makes them feel
worse.
After drinking caffeine, it usually reaches its peak level in your blood within one
hour and stays there for four to six hours. Caffeine increases the release of acid
in your stomach, sometimes leading to an upset stomach or “heartburn.” Caffeine
is a diuretic, meaning it makes your body lose more water. So, drinks that contain
caffeine aren’t good for quenching your thirst. Whether you drink sodas or coffee
with caffeine or use medicines with caffeine, take care to drink extra water when
you are working out or in the heat so your body doesn’t get dehydrated (dried
out). Most experts feel that using small amounts of caffeine during pregnancy is
safe, but larger amounts of caffeine can be harmful during pregnancy. Women
who are pregnant or planning to get pregnant should speak with their doctor
about using caffeine. (Organization of Teratology Information Specialists.
Caffeine and Pregnancy. December 2006.)
When people use caffeine every day, their
bodies get used to it, and they don’t get the
“good effects” of feeling more awake and able
to concentrate unless they use more of it.
This is called “tolerance.” Some studies show
that caffeine causes a physical dependence
or addiction. If a person gets withdrawal symptoms when they suddenly stop
using caffeine, then the person has a physical dependence on caffeine.
Withdrawal symptoms don’t feel good and can include: severe headaches,
muscle aches, temporary feelings of depression, and irritability. When people
experience these symptoms, they often just take in more caffeine to make them
go away. This cycle is hard to break.

Did You Know?
Experts agree that four to seven
cups of coffee or more each day
is too much.
Studies suggest that moderate amounts of caffeine are not harmful. How much is
moderate? One hundred to 200 mg (one to two 5-ounce cups of coffee) each day
is the limit that some doctors suggest, but each person is a little different. How
caffeine affects people varies with their size, their sex, and how sensitive they
are to caffeine’s effects. Experts agree that 600 mg (four to seven cups of coffee)
of caffeine or more each day is too much.
Caffeine overdose is dangerous and can kill you. FDA knows of a 19 year old
college student who died after taking an overdose of caffeine tablets to stay
awake. A caffeine tablet contains as much caffeine as one to three 5-ounce cups
of coffee.
Be informed. Learn how much caffeine is in your foods and drinks. Check the
Caffeine Content Table to see how much caffeine you take in each day. If you’re
taking in too much caffeine, you may want to cut back. This isn’t easy – reduce
your caffeine slowly to make withdrawal symptoms (like bad headaches, and
feeling tired, and depressed) as mild as possible.
Caffeine Content in Common Drinks and Foods
(University of Washington)
Item Item size Caffeine (mg)
Coffee 150 ml (5 oz) 60-150

Coffee, decaf 150 ml (5 oz) 2-5
Tea 150 ml (5 oz) 40-80
Hot Cocoa 150 ml (5 oz) 1-8
Chocolate Milk 225 ml 2-7
Jolt Cola 12 oz 100
Josta 12 oz 58
Mountain Dew 12 oz 55
Surge 12 oz 51
Diet Coca Cola 12 oz 45
Coca Cola  12 oz 64
Coca Cola Classic  12 oz 23
Dr. Pepper 12 oz 61
Mello Yellow  12 oz 35
Mr. Pibb 12 oz 27
Pepsi Cola 12 oz 43
7-Up 12 oz 0
Mug Root Beer 12 oz 0
Sprite 12 oz 0
Ben & Jerry’s No Fat Coffee Fudge Frozen Yogur 1 cup 85
Starbucks Coffee Ice Cream 1 cup 40-60
Dannon Coffee Yogurt 8 oz. 45
100 Grand Bar 1 bar (43 g) 11.2
Krackel Bar 1 bar (47 g) 8.5
Peanut Butter Cup  1 pk (51 g) 5.6
Kit Kat Bar 1 bar (46 g) 5
Raisinets  10 pieces (10 g) 2.5
Butterfinger Bar 1 bar (61 g) 2.4
Baby Ruth Bar 1 bar (60 g) 2.4
Special Dark Chocolate Bar 1 bar (41 g) 31
Chocolate Brownie 1.25 oz 8
Chocolate Chip Cookie 30 g 3-5
Chocolate Ice Cream 50 g 2-5
Milk Chocolate 1 oz 1-15
Bittersweet Chocolate 1 oz 5-35
Originally Published: Fall 2007

from FDA webs site

————–

Connie Dello Buono

Prevent vascular disease, manage inflammation, get GYV health caps to boost ATP cells performance and speedy repair of your body, email connie to get the caps and join in spreading the benefits with extra income for you at motherhealth@gmail.com and text 408-854-1883

Male newborns of mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Male sex is a well-known risk factor for unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Fetal sex has been considered only occasionally in diabetic pregnancy.

 The study concluded that in the group of women with GDM, perinatal outcomes in pregnancies of male newborns differ in only 2 of 16 evaluated variables: an increased frequency of CS and neonatal hypoglycemia. Male newborns of mothers with GDM could benefit from increased awareness of neonatal hypoglycemia.

 Objective

Our aim was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to fetal sex.

 Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all singleton pregnancies of women with GDM progressing to 22 weeks and delivering in our center between 1981 and 2007. Evaluated maternal characteristics included anthropometrics, obstetric history, GDM diagnosis characteristics (ie, gestational age, blood glucose values), HbA1c (after diagnosis and in the third trimester). Outcomes variables were cesarean section (CS), gestational hypertension, preterm birth, abnormal Apgar, large and small for gestational age newborns, obstetric trauma, major and minor malformations, neonatal hypoglycemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, polycythemia, hypocalcemia, perinatal mortality, and a composite outcome. We used a descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis (backwards method).

 Results

A total of 2299 pregnancies were included (1125 female and 1174 male infants). Maternal characteristics were essentially similar in male and female newborns. For outcomes, unadjusted figures were higher in pregnancies of male newborns in 14 of 16 perinatal outcomes, but significance was only reached for CS. The logistic regression analyses revealed male sex as an independent predictor of CS (odds ratio = 1.48; 95% CI) and neonatal hypoglycemia (odds ratio = 2.13; 95% CI.

 Gender Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 6. December 2012

Connie Dello Buono, health and travel enthusiast

www.vacationsooner.com 408-854-1883 motherhealth@gmail.com

 

Sex and Life Expectancy

Despite noted gaps in sex equality, higher body fat percentages and lower physical activity levels globally at all ages, a sex-based gap in life expectancy exists in nearly every country for which data exist. There are several biological mechanisms that may contribute to explaining why females live longer than men on average, but the complexity of the human life experience makes research examining the contribution of any single factor for the female advantage difficult. However, this information may still prove important to the development of strategies for healthy aging in both sexes.

A sexual dimorphism in human life expectancy has existed in almost every country for as long as records have been kept. Although human life expectancy has increased each year, females still live longer, on average, than males. Undoubtedly, the reasons for the sex gap in life expectancy are multifaceted, and it has been discussed from both sociological and biological perspectives.

However, even if biological factors make up only a small percentage of the determinants of the sex difference in this phenomenon, parity in average life expectancy should not be anticipated.

The aim of this review is to highlight biological mechanisms that may underlie the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy.

Using PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, as well as cited and citing reference histories of articles through August 2012, English-language articles were identified, read, and synthesized into categories that could account for biological sex differences in human life expectancy.

Results

The examination of biological mechanisms accounting for the female-based advantage in human life expectancy has been an active area of inquiry; however, it is still difficult to prove the relative importance of any 1 factor. Nonetheless, biological differences between the sexes do exist and include differences in genetic and physiological factors such as progressive skewing of X chromosome inactivation, telomere attrition, mitochondrial inheritance, hormonal and cellular responses to stress, immune function, and metabolic substrate handling among others. These factors may account for at least a part of the female advantage in human life expectancy.

Gender Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 6. December 2012

—————————————————————————————

Connie Dello Buono ; motherhealth@gmail.com

Call for part time or full time business or job 408-854-1883 in financial planning, college planning, retirement planning and helping others with their idle money to work for them at 13%, tax free, safe and secured with free health benefits

Functional Pain Severity/Mobility in Overweight Older Adults

Functional Pain Severity and Mobility in Overweight Older Men and Women with Chronic Low-Back Pain—Part I

 

The study concluded that persons with obesity reported higher functional pain values during walking and stair climb and had lower lumbar strength compared with the overweight participants. Rehabilitation strategies that include lumbar extensor strengthening may help improve functional mobility and walking duration, both of which can help with weight management in older adults with obesity with chronic low-back pain.

 

The study determined whether mobility and functional pain were different among older men and women with chronic low-back pain and varying body mass index levels. Design: This was a comparative, descriptive study of older adults with obesity with low-back pain (N = 55; 60–85 yrs). The participants were stratified on the basis of body mass index: overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), obese (30–34.9 kg/m2), and severely obese (35 kg/m2). The participants completed a functional test battery (walking endurance, chair rise, stair climb, 7-day activity monitoring, and gait parameters) and pain ratings with activity (“functional pain”).

 

Results: The functional pain scores during walking and stair climb were highest in the severely obese group compared with the overweight group , but the functional test scores were not found to be significantly different by body mass index. Gait base of support was 36% greater and single/double support times were 3.1%–6.1% greater in the severely obese group compared with the overweight group. The women had slower chair rise and stair climb times and had slower walking velocity than did the men. Daily step numbers were lowest in the severely obese group compared with the obese and overweight groups (2971 vs. 3511 and 4421 steps per day; but were not different by sex. Normalized lumbar extensor, abdominal curl, and leg press strength values were lowest in the severely obese group, and the women had 18%–34% lower strength values than did the men for all three exercises . Lumbar strength was associated with stair climb, chair rise, and walking endurance times. Body mass index was an independent predictor of walking endurance time but not of steps taken per day.

 

 

Vincent, Heather K.; Seay, Amanda N.; Montero, Cindy; Conrad, Bryan P.; Hurley, Robert W.; Vincent, Kevin R.  AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION, 20130894-9115

 

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Connie Dello Buono, health and travel enthusiast

www.vacationsooner.com 408-854-1883 motherhealth@gmail.com

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Birth Story, the movie

One of my health and midwife mentors, Ina May Gaskin, has a Birth Story movie:

http://watch.birthstorymovie.com/

From my homebirth experience with midwives, I came to know about women’s bodies and taking care of them through nutrition and other healing ways.

Connie Dello Buono ; motherhealth@gmail.com

Call for part time or full time business or job 408-854-1883 in financial planning, college planning, retirement planning and helping others with their idle money to work for them at 13%, tax free, safe and secured with free health benefits

 

Influence of conching temperature; Maltitol sugar alcohol in prebiotic milk chocolate containing inulin

European Food Research and Technology (Online First™), 2012

Changes in food consumption habits and the developments set forth in the area of health and nutrition also change consumer expectations and demands. Sugar-free foodstuffs and products that have prebiotic activity are among the primary features of such expectations and demands. In the present study, the effects of substituting fine sugar with isomalt and maltitol in milk chocolate

samples that contain inulin (9.0 %w/w), which is a substance with prebiotic activity, and the use of varying conching temperatures (CT) (50, 55 and 60C) in the sample preparation process on their physical (colour, hardness, water activity) and rheological properties were examined. Rheological data were obtained using the Herschel–Bulkley model which showed the best fitting for predicting rheology. It was determined that all properties included within the scope of the study are affected by the use of different bulk sweeteners or varying CT. While colour properties, such as brightness (L*), hue angle (h°), water activity (aw) and rate index properties varied in a narrow range, it was determined that the yield stress and viscosity properties, which are among the important quality parameters of chocolate and can have determining effects on sensory properties, manifest variations within a broad range, depending on the CT and the bulk sweeteners used. It was concluded that maltitol is a more suitable fine sugar substitute in milk chocolates containing inulin.  Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00217-012-1873-x Authors Nevzat Konar, Ankara University Food Safety Institute, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey   Journal European Food Research and Technology Online ISSN 1438-2385 Print 1438-2377

 

About Conching temperature when preparing chocolates

A conche is a surface scraping mixer and agitator that evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate, and may act as a ‘polisher’ of the particles.[1] It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat and release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation. There are numerous designs of conches, and food scientists are still studying precisely what happens during conching and why. The name arises from the shape of the vessels initially used, which resembled conch shells.

 

A conche is a surface scraping mixer and agitator that evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate, and may act as a ‘polisher’ of the particles.[1] It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat and release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation. There are numerous designs of conches, and food scientists are still studying precisely what happens during conching and why. The name arises from the shape of the vessels initially used, which resembled conch shells.

The conching process redistributes into the fat phase the substances from the dry cocoa that create flavor. Air flowing through the conche removes some unwanted acetic, propionic, and butyric acids from the chocolate and reduces moisture. A small amount of moisture greatly increases viscosity of the finished chocolate, so machinery is cleaned with cocoa butter instead of water.[4] Some of the substances produced in roasting of cocoa beans are oxidized in the conche, mellowing the flavor of the product.

The temperature of the conche is controlled and varies for different types of chocolate. Generally higher temperature leads to a shorter required processing time. Temperature varies from around 49 °C for milk chocolate to up to 82 °C for dark chocolate. The elevated temperature leads to a partially caramelized flavor, and in milk chocolate promotes the Maillard reaction.[1]

The chocolate passes through three phases during conching. In the dry phase, the material is in powdery form, and the mixing coats the particles with fat. Air movement through the conche removes some moisture and volatile substances, which may give an acidic note to the flavor. Moisture balance affects the flavor and texture of the finished product because, after the particles are coated with fat, moisture and volatile chemicals are less likely to escape.[3]

In the pasty phase, more of the particles are coated with the fats from the cocoa. The power required to turn the conche shafts increases at this step.

The final liquid phase allows minor adjustment to the viscosity of the finished product, which may be adjusted depending on the intended use of the chocolate. Fats and emulsifiers are added to adjust the viscosity, and thoroughly mixed.

While most conches are batch process machines, continuous flow conches separate the stages with weirs, over which the product travels through separate parts of the machine.[3] A continuous conche can reduce the conching time for milk chocolate to as little as four hours

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Effect of Nicotine on the Pharmacokinetics of Levodopa, anti-parkinsons med

The study found that nicotine reduced plasma levodopa concentration in some healthy subjects but with no alteration of gastric emptying rate. In vitro, nicotine inhibited levodopa transport by Caco-2 cell monolayers in an α-methyl amino isobutyric acid-independent, 2-amino-norbornanecarboxylic acid-dependent manner. These results suggest that nicotine may inhibit the transport of levodopa by the system L-amino acid transporter.

Some patients with Parkinson disease improved their symptoms on treatment with nicotine patch or gum. Nicotine has also been studied for its antidyskinetic effect on levodopa-induced dyskinesia. We determined the effects of nicotine on levodopa pharmacokinetics and gastric emptying in healthy subjects and on levodopa transport in Caco-2 monolayers in vitro.

Healthy subjects received transdermal nicotine patch application followed by oral levodopa/benserazide, 100/25 mg, in a fasting state and with enteral nutrition. Levodopa pharmacokinetics was determined, and gastric emptying was evaluated by carbon 13 (13C)-labeled acetic acid breath testing. In vitro studies using intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers evaluated whether the intestinal transport of levodopa was affected by nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine.

Nicotine did not increase mean plasma concentration significantly during fasting or with enteral nutrition, although the extent of levodopa absorption was reduced by 34% to 60% in some individuals and the mean plasma concentration of levodopa was statistically decreased by nicotine in subjects who received enteral nutrition. However, gastric parameters were not significantly affected by nicotine. Nicotine and cotinine at 0.1 μmol/L significantly reduced levodopa uptake by Caco-2 cells.

Kyaw, Win Thiri; Nagai, Masahiro; Kaneta, Mika; Kubo, Madoka; Nishikawa, Noriko; Tsujii, Tomoaki; Iwaki, Hirotaka; Nomoto, Masahiro. CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, 20130362-5664

 

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Connie Dello Buono, health author and travel enthusiast http://www.vacationsooner.com
408-854-1883 motherhealth@gmail.com to get details on travel savings and earning income

Brain controls the appetite/food traffic

ImageIMAGINE that, instead of this article, you were staring at a plate of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies. The mere sight and smell of them would likely make your mouth water. The first bite would be enough to wake up brain areas that control reward, pleasure and emotion — and perhaps trigger memories of when you tasted cookies like these as a child.

That first bite would also stimulate hormones signaling your brain that fuel was available. The brain would integrate these diverse messages with information from your surroundings and make a decision as to what to do next: keep on chewing, gobble down the cookie and grab another, or walk away.

Studying the complex brain response to such sweet temptations has offered clues as to how we might one day control a profound health problem in the country: the obesity epidemic.

The answer may partly lie in a primitive brain region called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus, which monitors the body’s available energy supply, is at the center of the brain’s snack-food signal processing. It keeps track of how much long-term energy is stored in fat by detecting levels of the fat-derived hormone leptin — and it also monitors the body’s levels of blood glucose, minute-to-minute, along with other metabolic fuels and hormones that influence satiety. When you eat a cookie, the hypothalamus sends out signals that make you less hungry. Conversely, when food is restricted, the hypothalamus sends signals that increase your desire to ingest high-calorie foods. The hypothalamus is also wired to other brain areas that control taste, reward, memory, emotion and higher-level decision making. These brain regions form an integrated circuit that was designed to control the drive to eat.

With sophisticated brain-imaging techniques, we can now even see how our brains respond to specific nutrients (glucose, for example) and environmental stimuli (like the sight of food). Our research team, for example, recently conducted a study to see if the human brain responds in different ways to consumption of two types of simple sugar: glucose and fructose.

Glucose is a critical energy source for our body, particularly the brain. Even tiny changes in blood glucose can be detected by specialized glucose-sensing nerve cells in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus’s exquisite sensitivity to glucose is especially important because the brain requires a continuous supply of glucose to meet its high-energy needs.

Fructose, a close relative of glucose, molecularly speaking, has the same number of calories but is sweeter than its cousin. Unlike glucose, though, fructose is almost entirely removed from the blood by the liver. Thus, very little of it actually reaches the brain.

The notion that these two sugars affect the brain differently is supported by animal studies. When glucose and fructose are injected directly into the brains of mice they have different effects: glucose blunts hunger signals, whereas fructose stimulates them.

We set out to see if the brains in healthy people would likewise respond differently to these two types of sugar. They did. Blood flow and activity in brain areas controlling appetite, emotion and reward decreased after consuming a drink with glucose, and participants reported greater feelings of fullness. In contrast, after drinking fructose, the brain appetite and reward areas continued to stay active, and participants did not report feeling full.

People don’t typically drink glucose and fructose separately; they are generally found together in foods and beverages. Table sugar is made of 50 percent glucose and 50 percent fructose molecules bound together. High-fructose corn syrup is made of unbound glucose and fructose molecules, usually in a ratio of 45 percent glucose to 55 percent fructose. We don’t yet know whether table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup affect the brain differently, or if they have different effects on body weight over time.

In today’s food-rich environment, we are surrounded with tantalizing food advertisements that sometimes stimulate eating, even in the absence of hunger. Brain imaging studies have shown us why. Pictures of mouthwatering foods can activate brain-reward pathways and stimulate the urge to eat — a response that is often countered by simultaneous suppression signals from “executive control” centers elsewhere in the brain. In obese individuals, though, the ability to suppress the initial brain-reward signals is often impaired. Thus, biological changes in the brain’s capacity to control our drive to eat might serve to perpetuate obesity.

Our brains were designed for a time when food was scarce and starvation was a common cause of death. While too much hunger remains in modern times, most people in the United States face a challenge opposite to what our distant ancestors faced. Natural selection has not wired us for a scenario in which food is abundant, relatively inexpensive and often high in calories.

Tackling this problem won’t be easy. But if we’re going to stop obesity in its tracks, we first need to understand how our brains influence what we eat.
Kathleen A. Page is an assistant professor at the University of Southern California’s Keck School of Medicine.
S. Sherwin, a professor of medicine at Yale, is director of the Yale Center investigation and the Yale Diabetes Research Center.

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Collected by
Connie Dello Buono

Connie Dello Buono ; motherhealth@gmail.com

Call for part time or full time business or job 408-854-1883 in financial planning, college planning, retirement planning and helping others with their idle money to work for them at 13%, tax free, safe and secured with free health benefits

 

Obesity is associated with future Prostate Cancer Risk

The study concluded that obesity is associated with the presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in benign specimens and with future prostate cancer risk after an initial benign finding.
In general population studies, obesity has been associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer, but little is known about obesity and future prostate cancer risk among men with an initial benign biopsy of the prostate; a high-risk population.
Within a cohort of 6,692 men followed up after a biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with benign findings, a nested case–control study was conducted of 494 prostate cancer cases and controls matched on age, race, follow-up duration, biopsy versus TURP and date of procedure. Body mass index at the time of the initial procedure was abstracted from medical records, and initial biopsy specimens were reviewed for the presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
Obesity was associated with the presence of PIN in the initial benign specimen. After adjustment for the matching variables, family history of prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at the initial procedure, the number of PSA tests and digital rectal examinations during follow-up, obesity at the time of the initial procedure was associated with prostate cancer incidence during follow-up. Risk associated with obesity was confined to cases with follow-up less than 1,538 days, the median duration of follow-up among cases.
Obesity may be a factor to consider when planning clinical follow-up after a benign biopsy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 1–7. ©2013 AACR.
Revision received February 5, 2013.
Accepted February 8, 2013.
Andrew Rundle1,
Michelle Jankowski3,
Oleksandr N. Kryvenko4,
Deliang Tang2, and
Benjamin A. Rybicki3
+ Author Affiliations
Authors’ Affiliations: Departments of 1Epidemiology and 2Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York; and Departments of 3Public Health Sciences and 4Surgical Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
Corresponding Author:
Andrew Rundle, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Rm 714, New York, NY 10032. Phone: 212-305-7619; Fax: 1-212 305 9413; E-mail: Agr3@Columbia.edu

Connie Dello Buono ; motherhealth@gmail.com

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